Page 504 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Principles of flight

will have a greater angle of attack than the upward blade.

P-factor is counteracted by giving the rudder to the right during climb.

5.9.3 Gyroscope effect

When you lift the tail of a tailwheel

plane during takeoff, the gyroscope

effect causes the plane to turn to one

side. This is counteracted by giving

the rudder to the other side.

5.9.4 Torque

These are large forces acting on a propeller, which reaches approx. 2600 Rpm,

and where the blade tip speed is close to the speed of sound.

The fact that the propeller is rotating at

all creates an opposite reaction, which

will cause the aircraft to turn in the

opposite direction to the propeller's

rotation.

Torque is resistance to rotation. This will cause the aircraft to bank to the left

(with a right-hand rotating propeller). You compensate for this by giving the left

wing a slightly greater angle of attack than the right wing.

If you are driving on the ground and give full throttle, the weight on the left
wheel will be higher than the weight on the right wheel due to torque. This will

cause greater rolling resistance.

The rotation of the propeller causes many problems, but if it stops rotating, it

will probably cause even more problems.

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 504