Page 624 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Flight performance and planning

7.3.1.4 The surface of the runway

The surface is incredibly important for rolling resistance.

In tables, the surface is always stated to be hard (asphalt or concrete). There are

additions depending on the surface in question (grass, snow, slush, soft soil, etc.).

You must expect the

following increases in
the take-off distance

when the runway is
other than a dry

runway.

The take-off distance

can be reduced by

these values when

weight and wind conditions warrant it.

7.3.1.5 Runway slope

Even if it does not appear so, a runway can slope slightly.

It is often beneficial to take off down a slope and with a slight tailwind, instead of
taking off uphill with a slight headwind. This must be carefully assessed.

7.3.1.6 Flaps

Using flaps during take-off reduces the take-off roll, but the take-off distance is
often longer due to the additional drag from the deployed flaps.

When taking off on soft ground, it is advantageous to use flaps.

Follow the aircraft's instruction manual.

Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 624