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Water Quality and Contaminants Chapter | 80  1107




  VetBooks.ir  TABLE 80.4 Water Quality Recommendations for Human Drinking Water: Selected Contaminants


               Body
                                                                                 Exposure Above Maximum
               Establishing         Maximum Acceptable Concentration (mg/L)      Potential Health Effects From
                            US EPA     Canadian                     WHO
               Guidelines                                                        Acceptable Concentration (US EPA)
               Chemical
               Arsenic      0.010      0.025                        0.01         Skin damage or problems with
                                                                    (provisional)  circulatory system; may have increased
                                                                                 risk of cancer
               Cadmium      0.005      0.005                        0.003        Kidney damage
               Calcium
               Chloride     250        #250 (aesthetic objective)   No health
                            (secondary)                             concerns at
                                                                    usual
                                                                    concentrations
               Chromium     0.1        0.05                         0.05         Allergic dermatitis
                                                                    (provisional)
               Copper       1.3        #1.0 (aesthetic objective)   2            Short-term exposure: gastrointestinal
                                                                                 distress
                                                                                 Long-term exposure: liver or kidney
                                                                                 damage; in cases of Wilson’s Disease
                                                                                 consult physician about max.
                                                                                 acceptable concentration
               Fluoride     4.0        1.5 (adjust to 0.8 1.0, optimal for  1.5  Pain and tenderness of the bones;
                                       control of dental caries)                 mottled teeth in children
               Hardness
               Iron         0.3        #0.3 (aesthetic objective)   No health
                            (secondary)                             concerns at
                                                                    usual
                                                                    concentrations
               Lead         0.015      0.010                        0.01         Infants and children: physical or mental
                                                                                 development delays, slight attention
                                                                                 span deficits and learning disabilities
                                                                                 Adults: kidney problems, hypertension
               Mercury      0.002      0.001                        0.001 (total)  Kidney damage
                            (inorganic)
               Nitrate (as N)  10                                                Infants ,6 months old: blue-baby
                                                                                 syndrome
                      2
                 (as NO )              45                           50 (short term)
                      3
               Nitrite (as N)  1                                                 Infants ,6 months old: blue-baby
                                                                                 syndrome
                      2
                 (as NO )              ,3.2, where nitrite is measured in  3 (short term)
                      2
                                       addition to nitrate
                                                                    0.2
                                                                    (long term,
                                                                    provisional)
               Selenium     0.05       0.01                         0.01         Hair or fingernail loss; numbness in
                                                                                 extremities; circulatory problems
               Sulfate      250        #500 (aesthetic objective)   No health
                            (secondary)                             concerns at
                                                                    usual
                                                                    concentrations
                                                                                                     (Continued )
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