Page 211 - Hand rearing birds second

Flamingos 197

Substrate
Substrate influences successful growth and development of bird limbs. In addition to proper diet
and exercise, housing materials may cause or prevent developmental issues. Flamingos require a
flat, nonslip surface to walk on during rearing. Rubber shelf liner or 3M Nomad matting works
well as a substrate for young chicks in brooders. A washable material that can be cleaned and dis-
infected is recommended. Cedar or pine shavings are not recommended because flamingos filter‐
feed and naturally put their heads down in an attempt to kick up food and filter the water. When
flamingos attempt to filter the shavings, their nares may clog which affects breathing, and if
ingested will likely cause impaction. Newspaper is also not appropriate bedding for flamingos
because it is too slippery. Similarly, all pool access should have a ramp free of rocks with a grade
less than 20° for easy entrance and exit.

Exercise­and Sun­Exposure

As with chicks of all long‐legged bird species, daily exercise is essential for normal leg develop-
ment. Encourage chicks to stand and walk beginning at 3 days of age. Chicks will readily follow
caregivers for walks twice daily, increasing time and distance as they grow. Provide an outdoor
exercise area if weather permits. Offer supplemental heat in outdoor areas until chicks are capable
of thermoregulation and tolerate ambient temperatures.
Although the hand‐feeding diet provides the required vitamin D, exposure to sunlight is impor-
tant for vitamin D and calcium metabolism. Provide chicks supervised access to direct sunlight for
at least 30 minutes daily beginning at 3 days of age, taking care to avoid overheating.
Lesser Flamingos will seek out sunny areas to loaf after feeding. The pen should have a large
enough area for juvenile birds that weigh 1 kg or more to run and begin practicing flight
(Figure 11.7). Pool and food bowl/trough placement should be carefully considered to allow birds
a clear runway. The size of the enclosure and pool increases with the number of enclosed birds and
they should have an area to run with wings outstretched.

Figure­11.7­ Large yard with shade and netting cover to allow ample room for exercise pre-release.