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216  Hand-Rearing Birds

            ­ Acknowledgments

            Thank you to Steve Sarro, Seana Flossic, Heather Urquhart, and Justin Brackett for providing sup-
            plemental information for this chapter, to Stephanie Costelow and Laurie Conrad for supporting
            this work, and to my colleagues at SeaWorld and beyond for their dedication to penguin care.
            Special thanks to Frank Todd who achieved an impossible dream.



            ­ Sources­for Products­Mentioned

            Reusable BlueIce Block by RubberMaid® www.rubbermaid.com.
            Animal Intensive Care Unit: Lyon Technologies, Inc., 1690 Brandywine Avenue, Chula Vista, CA.
              91 911, https://lyonvet.com.
            Dri‐Dek Tile: Kendall Products, PO Box 8656 Naples, FL 34101 USA, (239) 643–0448, https://www.
              dri‐dek.com.
            Mazuri Vita‐Zu Large (5TLB) and Small (5TLC) Bird and Marine Mammal (5TLA) tablets, no
                vitamin A added, www.mazuri.com.
            Flintstones  Toddler  Chewable  Tablets  https://www.flintstonesvitamins.com/products/toddler‐
              chewable‐vitamins.
            Pedia Poly‐Vite Drops Children’s Multivitamins, Bayshore Pharmaceuticals, Tampa, FL 33619.



            ­ References


            AZA Penguin Taxon Advisory Group (2014). Penguin (Spheniscidae) Care Manual. Association of Zoos
              and Aquariums: Silver Spring, MD https://www.aza.org/animal‐care‐manuals.
            Borboroglu, P.G. and Boersma, P.D. (eds.) (2015). Penguins: Natural History and Conservation. Seattle:
              University of Washington Press.
            Bos, J.H., Klip, F.C., and Kik, M.J. (2018). Plasma concentrations of vitamin A1, B1, D3, and E in
              Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) before and after dietary vitamin supplementation of
              their fish diet. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 49 (3): 732–737.
            Branch, S. (2009). Moving Birds In‐Huevo. Avian Scientific Advisory Group, American Zoo and
              Aquarium Association http://www.aviansag.org/ASAG_Documents/Egg_Transport.pdf.
            Crawford, R., Ellenberg, U., Frere, E. et al. (2017). Tangled and drowned: a global review of penguin
              bycatch in fisheries. Endangered Species Research 34: 373–396.
            Emerson, C.L., Eurell, J.A.C., Brown, M.D. et al. (1990). Ruptured intervertebral disc in a juvenile king
              penguin (Aptenodytes patagonica). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 21 (3): 345–350.
            Henry, L. and Sirpenski G. (2005). Penguin Husbandry Manual, 3. Penguin Taxon Advisory Group,
              American Zoo and Aquarium Association, 141 pp. http://www.aviansag.org/Husbandry/Unlocked/
              Care_Manuals/Penguin_HB.pdf.
            Henry, L.M. and Twohy, F. (1990). Hand‐rearing guidelines for the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus
              humboldti) with special emphasis on common hand‐rearing concerns. AAZPA Regional Conference
              Proceedings, AAZPA, Washington, DC.
            McNaughton, A., Frasca, S. Jr., Mishra, N., and Tuttle, A.D. (2014). Valvular dysplasia and congestive
              heart failure in a juvenile African penguin (Spheniscus demersus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife
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