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210 Section III: Spinal Procedures

A B

C D

Figure 25.1 Examples of different types of vertebral col­
umn injuries due to different forces. (A) Axial compres­
sion injury leading to traumatic disc extrusion. (B)
Rotational forces leading to fracture of the articular pro­
cesses; disc integrity can also be compromised. (C)
Hyperflexion and compression injury leading to vertebral
endplate fracture and ventral subluxation. (D)
Hyperflexion, compression and rotational injury leading
to endplate fracture, ventral subluxation and fracture of
the articular processes.

Figure 25.2 The three compartments in two adjacent lumbar
vertebrae. The dorsal compartment (red) consists of spinous
Dorsal process, dorsal ligamentous structures, lamina, articular pro­
cesses, and pedicles. The middle compartment (blue) con­
sists of dorsal longitudinal ligament, dorsal annulus fibrosus,
Middle
dorsal aspect of the vertebral body, and transverse processes.
The ventral compartment (yellow) consists of the remaining
Ventral vertebral body and annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and
ventral longitudinal ligament.

A B

Figure 25.3 Preoperative axial CT with planned pin insertion angle and location (A) and postoperative axial CT of the same dog with a bicortical pin in
place (B).