Page 978 - Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, 2nd Edition

Urinary system 953

VetBooks.ir 7.35 7.36

Fig. 7.35 Habronema granuloma (left) and normal
urethral process (right). Redness of the urethral
process was caused by catheterisation (right).

should be managed accordingly. Systemic antimi-
crobials are occasionally indicated. In severe cases
of urethritis, oil-based antibiotic preparations can be
infused via a urinary catheter into the pelvic urethra.
Oil-based antibiotic preparations can also be used
topically on the urethral process. Fig. 7.36 Urethroplasty in a mare to prevent urine
Habronema granulomas should be managed with pooling.
ivermectin, topical insecticides and, in advanced
cases, surgical excision.
in the cranial vaginal vault (vesiculovaginal reflux).
Prognosis Vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis and infertility are
Urethral inflammation may result in fibrous common sequelae to urine pooling. Urethroplasty
strictures, which carries a less favourable prognosis. surgically creates a mucosal shelf from the urethra
In cases of permanent damage to the urethra, recur- to the mucocutaneous junction of the vulva, which
rences and chronic urethritis are possible. prevents the flow of urine back into the cranial
vaginal vault. The most common complication of
URETHROPLASTY (URETHRAL the procedure is fistula formation along the suture
EXTENSION) line, but for most patients the outcome is favour-
able. Hypospadias, an opening of the urethra on the
Urethroplasty (Fig. 7.36) is a surgical extension of underside of the penis, can also be managed using
the urethra. It is performed in mares that pool urine urethroplasty.

GENERAL URINARY SYSTEM DISORDERS

UROPERITONEUM affect adult horses. Rupture of the bladder is most
common. The continuity of the urinary tract must
Definition/overview be restored, or metabolic abnormalities caused by
Uroperitoneum (the presence of free urine in the uroperitoneum will be fatal for the animal.
abdominal cavity) is a syndrome most commonly
recognised in foals between 24 and 48 hours old. Aetiology/pathophysiology
Male foals and septic foals are more likely to be It is possible that the anatomy of the urethra in colts
affected. Urinary tract rupture and urine leakage predisposes them to bladder rupture during partu-
into the abdominal cavity due to urinary calculi can rition, when high pressures are applied focally or