Page 729 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Index 717

Antibiotics colloids in, 489–490, 491–492 Base excess, 240
for hepatic encephalopathy, 484t diuretics in, 488 Base excess algorithm, 308
metabolic alkalosis due to, 279 fluid therapy in, 485–486, 489–490 strong ion approach and, 324, 325
for sepsis/septic shock, 574 paracentesis in, 490–492, 491f, 528–529 Benazepril, for heart failure, 530, 531
Anticoagulant citrate dextrose (ACD), 592, sodium restriction in, 488 Beta-agonists, for hyperkalemia, in renal failure,
592t. See also Citrate, as blood additive pathophysiology of, 468–469, 470–472 552f, 553
Anticoagulants splanchnic artery vasodilation and, 470–471, Beta-blockers, 522t
in blood products, 592, 592t, 593 471f for heart failure, 530–531
for hemodialysis, 696–698, 698f Asepsis renal effects of, 522t
Antidepressants, for appetite stimulation, 628 in catheterization, 355, 373 Betadine, for hepatic encephalopathy, 484t
Antidiuretic hormone. See Vasopressin in parenteral nutrition, 619–620 Bicarbonate. See also Sodium bicarbonate
Antiemetics, for acute pancreatitis, 450 in peritoneal dialysis, 673, 674b in acid-base disorders, 234–237, 302
Antifreeze poisoning. See Ethylene glycol L-Asparaginase, in lymphoma diagnosis, anion gap and, 255–256
poisoning 159–160 metabolic acidosis, 237, 238, 238t,
Antigens, blood group Aspiration, bone marrow, 136 253–271, 254f, 303
canine, 589–590, 590b in hypercalcemia, 139–141 metabolic alkalosis, 238, 238t, 272, 272f,
feline, 590–591, 590b, 593–594 Aspirin 304
Antisecretory agents, for diarrhea and vomiting, for febrile transfusion reaction, 597t mixed, 238–239, 302
446 poisoning by, 262 primary, 238, 238t
Antiseptics. See also Asepsis Atenolol, for heart failure, 530–531 respiratory acidosis, 238, 238t, 304
for intravenous catheterization, 356 Atomic mass, 6, 6t respiratory alkalosis, 238, 238t, 305
Anuria [A tot ] alveolar ventilation and, 289
fluid therapy and, 547 globulin and, 319 blood levels of
hyperkalemia and, 110, 111–112 normal values for, 319 calculation of, 239–243
in renal failure, 544, 547 phosphate contribution to, 319 interpretation of, 242–243
Apocrine adenocarcinoma, anal sac, plasma pH and, 316, 317, 318 normal values for, 242, 242t
hypercalcemia in, 148, 149, 149f protein contribution to, 319 in body fluids, 4–5, 5t
Appetite loss. See Anorexia [A tot ] disorders, 318 as buffer, 236
Appetite stimulation, 627–628 acidosis, 319, 320 in commercial fluids, 338, 339
Aquaporins, 50, 52, 666 alkalosis, 319, 320 diabetic ketoacidosis and, 263, 505
Aqueous vasopressin test, 74–75 strong ion approach to, 317, 318, 327 formation of, 289
Arginine, supplemental, in enteral feeding, ATPase in hemodialysate, 693, 694–695
+
638–639, 639b H ,97 for hypoadrenocorticism, 508–509
+
+
Arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists, for H ,K ,97 in intestinal fluid, 80–81, 256–257, 256f,
+
+
hyponatremia, 69–70 Na ,K , 23, 96–97, 99 257t
Arrhythmias in erythrocytes, 100–101 intestinal secretion of, 80–81
in calcium infusion, 175 magnesium and, 218–219 for metabolic acidosis
in heatstroke, 510 Atrial natriuretic peptide in diarrhea and vomiting, 446
in hemodialysis, 694, 702–703, 702f for oliguria, 549 hyperchloremic, 88
hypercalcemia and, 139, 409 in sodium balance, 50, 51t in peritoneal dialysate, 673
hyperkalemia and, 108, 109f Autotransfusion pH and, 235–236
in renal failure, 551–552, 552f for hemorrhagic shock, 399 renal reabsorption of, 34, 34f, 246–248,
hypoadrenocorticism and, 506–507, in shock, 561 246f, 247f, 248f
508–509 Autotransplantation, parathyroid, 174 renal transport of, 81
hypokalemia and, 103–104 Azotemia in renal tubular acidosis, 257–259, 259t
hypomagnesemia and, 217, 218, 222–223 in heart disease, 528, 528b in respiratory acidosis, 293
in respiratory acidosis, 295, 296 hemodynamic, 544 in respiratory alkalosis, 296, 297
Arterial blood pressure. See Blood pressure in hypercalcemia, 137–138, 143–145 standard, 240–241
Arterial blood samples, 241. See also Blood gas postrenal, 544 in strong ion difference disorders, 320
analysis in renal failure, 544 total CO 2 content and, 239–240
collection of, 419 in uremic acidosis, 264–265
Arterial carbon dioxide tension, alveolar whole-blood buffer base and, 240–241
ventilation and, 287, 288 B Bicarbonate–carbonic acid system, 235–236,
Arterial oxygen tension, alveolar-arterial oxygen Babesiosis, transfusion-related, 589, 591 275
gradient and, 290 Backward heart failure, 516, 519f Bile
Arteriolar resistance, glomerular filtration rate Bandages, for intravenous catheters, 372, 373 composition of, 456–458, 456t
and, 29, 29f,30t, 31–32, 31f BARF diet, hyperparathyroidism and, 170 formation of, 456–458, 457f
Articular arteries, catheterization of, 419 Baroreceptors, in shock, 559–561 Bile flow, 456–458
Ascites, 470–472 Bartonellosis, transfusion-related, 591 Biopsy
albumin concentration in, 463f, 464, Bartter syndrome, 105–106 bone, 136
488–489, 527–528 Baruria, 46 in hypercalcemia, 139–141
assessment of, 472 Basal energy requirement, 345 bone marrow, 136
fluid protein concentration in, 527–528 in fluid therapy, 345, 346, 347 in hypercalcemia, 139–141
forward theory of, 470–471, 471f Base(s), 232 parathyroid, 171
in heart failure, refractory, 531–532 daily net loss of, 245 Bisphosphonates
management of, 471–472, 487–492 sources of, 245 for hypercalcemia, 158t, 162
albumin in, 471–472, 488–489 Base deficit, 240 hypocalcemia due to, 171