Page 730 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

718 INDEX

Bisphosphonates (Continued) Blood transfusions. See Fluid therapy; C
oral, 162 Transfusion(s)
renal toxicity of, 161 Blood typing, 589–590, 590b, 599–600 Calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 ), 128, 129,
130
Blastomycosis, hypercalcemia in, 153–154 Blood urea nitrogen, 462
in hypercalcemia, 141–142, 142t
Bleeding. See also Coagulation defects; in heart disease, 528
measurement of, 136
Hemorrhage in liver disease, 462, 463f, 464f, 465f
normal values for, 132t
assessment of, 397 Blood volume
toxicity of, 152–153
from disconnected catheters, 377 changes in, monitoring of, 417
Calciferol. See Vitamin D
intraoperative, 417 effective, 12
Calcimimetics, for hypercalcemia,
in liver disease, 492–493 fluid balance and, 393
155, 163
Blood Body condition score, 623, 626t Calcipotriene
colloid oncotic pressure of, 393, 396 Body fluids. See also under Fluid hypervitaminosis D due to, 153
components, 586–588. See also Transfusion distribution of, 2–4, 3f toxicity of, 153, 203
(s), blood products for interstitial, 3–4
volume of, 3–4 intravascular, 3–4 Calcitonin, 131
for hypercalcemia, 158t, 160
Blood banks, 586b, 588 physiology of, 1–25 Calcitriol
Blood collection, 241 solutes in, 4–5. See also Solute(s) for cancer, 131
for sampling, 241 transcellular, 4, 5 deficiency of
from catheters, 374 types of, 3–4 hypocalcemia and, 165–167, 166t
perioperative, 419 Body mass, estimation of, 2
for transfusions, 593 Body weight in hypoparathyroidism, 171–172
in protein-losing enteropathy, 445
Blood crossmatching, 598–600, 599b, 599f fluid status and, 334, 335, 545
effects of, 42, 121, 122–123, 124–125, 128,
Blood donors. See Transfusion(s), blood donors in fluid therapy monitoring, 378, 391
130–131
for in hydration assessment, 545
intestinal, 130
Blood gas(es) Bone
osseous, 130–131
diffusion and transport of, 289 biopsy of, 136
parathyroid, 131
regulation of, 287. See also Respiratory calcitonin and, 131
control system calcitriol and, 130–131 renal, 131
Blood gas analysis, 239–243 parathyroid hormone and, 126–127 in granulomatous disease, 153–154
for hypercalcemia, in chronic renal failure,
data interpretation in, 242–243 Bone biopsy, 136
143–144
methods of, 239–240 in hypercalcemia, 139–141
in hypercalcemia, 141–142, 142t
normal values for, 241–242, 242t Bone demineralization
for hyperparathyroidism, 131
sample collection and handling in, 241 hypercalcemia and, 140f, 141b
hypervitaminosis D due to, 153
in shock, 571–572 hypophosphatemia and, 198
for hypocalcemia, 175–176, 175t, 177
standard bicarbonate in, 240–241 Bone marrow biopsy, 136
measurement of, 136
total CO 2 content and, 239–240 in hypercalcemia, 139–141 normal values for, 132t
whole blood buffer base in, 240–241 Bone marrow needles, hand placement of, 370
Blood group antigens Bone metastases, hypercalcemia and, 150 parathyroid hormone and, 122–123,
124–125, 130, 131
canine, 589–590, 590b Bone resorption, pathogenesis of, 150 phosphate absorption and, 196–197
feline, 590–591, 590b, 593–594 Bradycardia, in shock, 560–561
Blood loss. See also Bleeding; Fluid loss; Brain, response to hypotonicity, 52–53 for protein-losing enteropathy, 447–448
synthesis of, 41–42, 130
Hemorrhage Brain injury, in hypoglycemia, 509
from disconnected catheters, 377 Brain natriuretic peptide toxicity of, 152–153, 176
hypervitaminosis D and, 163
intraoperative, 417 for heart failure, 522t, 529
for uremic acidosis, 265
Blood pressure, 387, 389, 390, 514 renal effects of, 522t, 525–526 Calcitriol analogues, for hypercalcemia, 163
in heart failure, 516–520 Braking phenomenon, 525
measurement of Bronchoconstriction Calcitriol receptor, 130–131
direct, 571 dyspnea and, 298 Calcium
indirect, 571 magnesium for, 223 calcitriol and, 130
in commercial fluids, 338, 339, 341
monitoring of Brucellosis, transfusion-related, 591
complexed, measurement of, 135
in fluid therapy, 387, 389, 390 Buffer(s), 232–234, 236–237
concentration of, 120, 122f, 126
in shock, 571 in acid-base disorders, 237, 253
measurement of, 132–136
regulation of, 514, 515b, 515f, 559, 559f metabolic acidosis, 253, 254f
Blood products. See Transfusion(s), blood metabolic alkalosis, 272, 272f normal values for, 132t, 133
products for respiratory acidosis, 293 dietary intake of, hyperparathyroidism
Blood samples. See also Blood gas analysis respiratory alkalosis, 293 and, 166
arterial, 241, 419 bicarbonate as, 236 distribution of, 121–122
extracellular, 121, 122f
capillary, 241 in commercial fluids, 339
functions of, 120
collection of, 241, 419 phosphates as, 237
genetic disorders of, 122
from catheters, 374 proteins as, 236–237, 237t
in hemodialysate, 693, 697
perioperative, 419 Buffer curve, 234, 234f
intracellular, 122
venous, 241, 242t Bumetanide, 523t, 524
ionized, 121, 122, 132t, 133–135
Blood substitutes, 390, 600–601 Buprenorphine, for diarrhea and vomiting, 446
fractionated, 135
pulmonary edema due to, 395 Buretrol system, 344, 346
in hypocalcemia, 163–164
for shock, 566, 567t Butorphanol, for heart failure, 528–529