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Adhesives and Glues Toxicosis 33

• Expandable polyurethane glue, industrial (preferred) or acetone on cotton balls may Possible Complications
strength wood glue: diagnosis is based on loosen the bond to allow slow extraction of Stomach rupture and peritonitis possible (rare)
VetBooks.ir glue on the skin or mucous membranes, and/ • Ocular: rinse eye with 0.9% saline or water able glue. Diseases and Disorders
the glue cast. Lavage external ear canal with
observed or suspected exposure, presence of
with oral exposure to large volumes of expand-
sterile water afterward.
or abdominal distention. Radiographs or
Recommended Monitoring
endoscopy can help confirm the presence of
lids or lashes, may need to separate under
the solidified expandable glue in the stomach. for 15 minutes. If the cornea is adhered to • Routine postoperative monitoring if gas-
general anesthesia as for oral exposure. If trotomy performed (polyurethane glues)
Differential Diagnosis the lids or lashes are adhered to themselves, • Physical observation of healing and resolution
• Other foreign body injury or ingestions (e.g., forced separation is often not needed. Assess
plastic, woods, metals) the cornea for damage and treat abrasions PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME
• Other causes of vomiting (e.g., dietary with ophthalmic antibiotics and mydriatics
indiscretion, viral gastroenteritis) (p. 209). • Super glues, white glue: very good in all
• Exposure to corrosives, detergents, bleaches, • Dermal: as for oral treatment situations unless extensive corneal or tym-
irritants Polyurethane adhesives: panic membrane damage occurs (super glue)
• Oral: manually remove glue from oral cavity. • Polyurethane glue: good in uncomplicated
Initial Database Emesis is not recommended due to concern cases of gastric foreign body removal
• Abdominal radiographs 12-24 hours after for esophageal foreign body. Charcoal is not • Polyurethane glue: guarded to poor if
ingesting polyurethane glue typically indicate effective. stomach rupture, torsion, or peritonitis has
a large, mottled density resembling kibble • Perform gastrotomy if concretion (gastric occurred
in the stomach. foreign body) is present.
• CBC (± inflammatory leukogram), serum • Sucralfate and acid-reducing drugs advised PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS
biochemistry profile, urinalysis: typically if GI signs are present and/or foreign body
unremarkable is removed: Comments
• Fluorescein staining to identify corneal ulcers ○ Sucralfate, dogs: 0.5-1 g PO q 8-12h; cats: • General negative effects are as follows: super
(p. 1137) 0.25-0.5 g PO q 8-12h. glues, binding of tissues; polyurethane glues,
○ Famotidine, dogs/cats: 0.5 mg/kg PO, expansion to form GI foreign body; white
Advanced or Confirmatory Testing SQ, IM, IV q 12-24h; or glues, minimal.
Endoscopy (p. 1098) may help determine the ○ Omeprazole, dogs/cats: 0.5-1 mg/kg PO • After the ingestion of expandable polyure-
size of foreign body (polyurethane glue) and q 24h; or thane glue (isocyanates), it is vital to verify
also evaluate esophageal and gastric mucosal ○ Pantoprazole, dogs/cats: 0.7-1 mg/kg IV the presence of a foreign body before per-
damage (irritation, ulcers, perforation); rarely over 15 minutes q 24h. forming a gastrostomy.
useful for removing foreign material (too friable, Postoperative care: • Dried, already polymerized polyurethane
too large). • Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics after glue (isocyanates) ingested does not expand
gastrotomy if evidence of contamination or further in the stomach.
TREATMENT infection (p. 384). • Expandable gastric foreign body is not
• Metoclopramide 0.4 mg/kg SQ q 8h for 1-2 expected from super glue or white glue
Treatment Overview days; or maropitant 1 mg/kg SQ q 24h or ingestion.
Treatment is aimed at separating adhered tissues 2 mg/kg PO q 24h for up to 5 days.
if needed, assessing tissue damage, and sup- Contraindication to antiemetics: ongoing/ Prevention
portive care for super and white glue (nonex- unresolved GI tract obstruction Keep adhesives out of reach of pets.
pandable). For the polyurethane glues • Restrict food and water intake for first 12-24
(expandable), gastrostomy to remove the gastric hours after surgery. Technician Tips
foreign body is necessary if glue concretion is • Postoperative pain control (e.g., fentanyl Do not induce vomiting with exposure to any
too large to pass spontaneously. 3-6 mcg/kg/h IV infusion or hydromorphone adhesives. It is usually unnecessary with super
0.1-0.2 mg/kg IM, IV, or SQ q 2-6h) glue and white glue; with expanding polyure-
Acute General Treatment • IV fluids as needed thane adhesives, it can be detrimental (glue
Super glue: • Dermal, ocular, aural: treat as for super glues. can form a concretion in the esophagus).
• Oral: adhered tissues typically separate White glue or other glues:
spontaneously in 1-4 days. If necessary, • Most exposures do not need extensive treat- SUGGESTED READING
separate tissues under general anesthesia. ment because signs are usually mild and Fitzgerald KT, et al: Polyurethane adhesive ingestion.
Apply margarine, mineral oil, or petroleum self-limited. Treat mild to moderate GI Top Companion Anim Med 28(1):28-31, 2013.
jelly, wait 15-30 minutes; gently peel or roll irritation supportively. Gastric foreign body
adherent tissues until separation. Do not is not expected. AUTHOR: Cristine Hayes, DVM, DABT, DABVT
EDITOR: Tina Wismer, DVM, MS, DABT, DABVT
pull adherent planes of tissue directly apart,
due to high tensile strength of the bond. Nutrition/Diet
Expandable foreign body is not expected A high-fiber diet may facilitate passage of the
from ingestion of white or super glue remnants of dried/expanded glue through the
(cyanoacrylates). digestive tract.
• Aural: Glue may bond to tympanum.
Repeatedly applying 3% hydrogen peroxide

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