Page 1091 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

Inflammatory Bowel Disease 543

• Cats that meet the clinical and laboratory (PMSG) every 2 weeks for 6 weeks has been PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS
criteria for FIP should be removed from advocated, but dosages, efficacy, and safety Comments
VetBooks.ir Asthenozoospermia: tosterone enanthate with 250 IU/dog PMSG Optimize available sperm: Diseases and Disorders
have not been established (50 mg/DOG tes-
catteries/multi-cat environments.
have been used successfully in 15-kg dogs).
• Careful cleaning, rinsing (at least twice
• Accurate breeding management and ovulation
with distilled water), and drying of artificial
timing
nozoospermia:
insemination equipment Teratozoospermia, oligozoospermia ± asthe- • Reduce the number of matings per cycle.
• Sparing use of nonspermicidal lubricants • For testicular degeneration, long-term GnRH • Use of transcervical or surgical insemination
• Empty bladder immediately before collection 3.3 mcg/kg IM q 1 week or hCG 500-1000 • Breeding to young, fertile females
to avoid urine contamination of ejaculate. IU IM q 2 weeks in dogs or hCG 250-500 Avoid overuse:
• In dogs, administer phenylpropanolamine IU IM q 2 weeks in toms has shown some • Do not collect more than every other day.
at 1-2 mg/kg PO 1 hour before collection positive effects. • Collection of males 7-10 days before
Teratozoospermia: • In dogs, tamoxifen citrate 2.5-20 mg PO anticipated matings in animals that have had
• With scrotal overheating, waiting at least 65 q 24h or anastrazole 0.25-1 mg PO q prolonged abstinence to flush the ejaculatory
days from insult should result in return to 24h can be used in individuals with high tract of dead sperm
normal spermatozoal morphology. estrogen concentrations to alter negative • Avoid strict raw-meat diets because they
• Weight reduction in obese males hypothalamic/pituitary feedback, increasing may result in amino acid or vitamin/mineral
• Centrifugation with sperm gradients to local testosterone concentrations. deficiencies.
remove abnormal sperm • In dogs and cats, long-acting GnRH analogs Never diagnose sterility after a single exam.
Oligozoospermia: (e.g., buserelin 1 mcg/kg SQ q 1-2 weeks)
• With scrotal overheating, it requires at least can increase testosterone concentrations. Prevention
2-4 months from insult to have normal • Brucellosis screening biannually (dogs)
spermatozoal morphology return. Nutrition/Diet • Coronavirus/FIP screening of all new entries
• For retrograde ejaculation: in dogs, phenyl- • Administration of daily glucosamine, into catteries (p. 327)
propanolamine 1-2 mg/kg PO q 8-12h or 1-2 omega-3 fatty acids, and DHA supplements
hours prior to collection; or, pseudoephedrine may be of benefit for asthenozoospermia. Technician Tips
1.5 mg/kg PO q 8h or up to 4-5 mg/kg • Administration of daily zinc sulfate, carnitine, • When evaluating motility, dilute the sample
PO 1-3 hours before breeding as a single and vitamin E supplement may be of benefit enough to evaluate individual sperm
dose (not to exceed 5 mg/kg/day); in toms, for all conditions. movement.
phenylpropanolamine 6.25-12.5 mg/CAT • Encourage use of teaser bitch for all col-
PO q 8-12h. Do not use either medication Behavior/Exercise lections for infertility exams to prevent
in dogs or cats with systemic hypertension. Excessive exercise and stress may result in oligospermia due to lack of stimulation.
• In dogs, administration of GnRH (Cystorelin infertility from chronic stress or overheating.
2.2 mcg/kg IM) to increase libido 20-30 Client Education
minutes before collection or dinoprost Recommended Monitoring • Monitor semen quality regularly for breeding
tromethamine (Lutalyse 0.01-0.05 mg/kg • Routine (monthly) microscopic re-evaluation males.
SQ) 20 minutes before collection (results of the spermiogram and reassessment of • Freeze semen when dogs are young and
in sperm-rich ejaculate only ± full erection) endocrine function as indicated, beginning fertile.
• Weight reduction in obese males 2 to 3 months after initiation of treatment
• Positive reinforcement for behavioral issues • Monitor pregnancy rates and litter size. SUGGESTED READING
Johnston SD, et al: Clinical approach to infertility
Chronic Treatment PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME in the male dog. In Johnston SD, et al, editors:
Asthenozoospermia: Canine and feline theriogenology, Philadelphia,
• Immediate centrifugation of the ejaculate The prognosis for fertility is guarded if no 2001, Saunders, pp 381-382.
in cases of urine contamination, followed response to treatment occurs within 3 months, AUTHOR: Cheryl Lopate, DVM, MS, DACT
by re-extension with semen extender or poor if no response occurs within 6 months, EDITOR: Michelle A. Kutzler, DVM, PhD, DACT
centrifugation with sperm gradients and grave if no response occurs within a year.
• Depo-testosterone enanthate (testosterone) Some causes are never expected to improve
plus pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (e.g., brucellosis, ciliary dyskinesia).

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Client Education
Sheet

BASIC INFORMATION eosinophilic, suppurative, or granulomatous, GENETICS, BREED PREDISPOSITION
and depending on location: enteritis, colitis, A U.K. study showed that German shepherds,
Definition or enterocolitis Weimaraners, rottweilers, border collies, and
Common intestinal disease characterized by Epidemiology boxers were at high risk of developing IBD in
chronic (>3 weeks) gastrointestinal (GI) signs of that country. Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE)
idiopathic origin, with inflammatory infiltration SPECIES, AGE, SEX occurs frequently in soft-coated wheaten terri-
of small- and/or large-intestinal mucosa Dogs and cats of all ages affected but moderate ers, Yorkshire terriers, and other small breeds;
to severe forms more prevalent among middle- rottweilers; and lundehunds. Granulomatous
Synonyms aged and old animals colitis affects boxers and French bulldogs.
IBD, chronic enteropathy (CE); depending on the
infiltrating cell type: lymphocytic-plasmacytic,

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