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Perianal (Circumanal) and Tail (Supracaudal) Gland Hyperplasia 771.e3

Differential Diagnosis PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS
• Demodicosis Comments
VetBooks.ir • Superficial or deep pyoderma • Castration should prevent further progression Diseases and Disorders
• Primary cornification disorders
of lesions and allow variable regression of the
• Dermatophytosis
• Neoplasia (perianal adenoma/adenocarci-
small perianal adenomas.
noma) perianal gland hyperplasia as well as some
• Adenomas represent > 90% of perianal
Initial Database tumors, and adenocarcinomas represent
• Skin cytology to rule out secondary bacterial ≈5% of cases.
or yeast infection (supracaudal lesion) • In chronic, more severe cases of tail gland
• Skin scraping to rule out demodicosis hyperplasia, permanent alopecia of the area
(supracaudal lesion) is possible.
Advanced or Confirmatory Testing Prevention
• Skin biopsy: reveals hepatoid gland hyper- Castration of males has a major preventive
plasia. Perianal swelling/mass biopsy may effect on development of perianal and tail
reveal perianal gland hyperplasia, adenoma, gland hyperplasia.
or adenocarcinoma.
• CBC, serum biochemical profile: unremark- Technician Tips
able (exception: changes of hyperadrenocorti- Educate clients on the benefits of castration of
cism) dogs, including prevention of perianal and tail
• Testicular ultrasound to rule out testicular glands hyperplasia, benign prostatic hyperplasia,
neoplasia (p. 962) and testicular tumors.
• Abdominal ultrasound may help differentiate
type of hyperadrenocorticism if suspected Client Education
(p. 485) Males not intended for breeding purposes
should be castrated.
TREATMENT
SUGGESTED READING
Treatment Overview Miller WH, et al, editors: Muller and Kirk’s Small
Castration is always recommended for intact animal dermatology, ed 7, St. Louis, 2013, Elsevier.
TAIL GLAND HYPERPLASIA Tail gland hyperplasia male dogs with suspected or confirmed perianal
in an intact male golden retriever. Note the oval or tail gland hyperplasia because it usually ADDITIONAL SUGGESTED
alopecic area covered by keratoseborrheic material. stops the progression and in many cases leads READINGS
(Courtesy Dr. Manon Paradis.) to moderate to marked improvement of the Albanese F: Morphology and function of skin cells.
perianal gland hyperplasia. In Albanese F, editor: Canine and feline skin
cytology, New York, 2017. Springer International
Acute General Treatment Publishing, pp 1-39.
• Castration Pisani G, et al : Androgen receptor expression in
adrenal cortex, leading to stimulation of the • Perianal mass excision, particularly if large normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic hepatoid glands
perianal and/or the supracaudal glands. and ulcerated in the dog. Res Vet Sci 81:231, 2006.
• In cats, the cause of stud tail is unknown Shabadash SA, et al: The tail gland of canids. Biology
but has been associated with reproductive Possible Complications Bull 31:367-376, 2004.
and stress-associated behaviors. Because cats Excision of perianal tumors may present
do not have perianal hepatoid glands, they postoperative difficulties in wound closure RELATED CLIENT EDUCATION
never develop perianal gland hyperplasia. and secondary bacterial infection. SHEET
DIAGNOSIS PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME Consent to Perform Castration, Canine
AUTHOR: Ana Milena Carmona Gil, DVM, Sp., MS
Diagnostic Overview Prognosis is good to excellent for most of the EDITOR: Manon Paradis, DMV, MVSc, DACVD
Perianal and tail gland hyperplasia are often an castration-responsive patients. If adenocarci-
incidental finding during routine exam and are noma is found in perianal gland region, the
visually easy to suspect clinically. prognosis is poor.

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