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Uveitis 1023

Recommended Monitoring of uterine tissue is remaining cranial to the Client Education
If malignant, monitoring of other organ systems cervix) are still susceptible to uterine neoplasia. Females, regardless of their age, should be
VetBooks.ir PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME a differential diagnosis in all bitches presenting from developing. Diseases and Disorders
spayed after the last litter to prevent tumors
As such, uterine neoplasia should be included as
for metastasis may be required.
with these physical exam findings.
Good for benign tumors; guarded to poor for Prevention SUGGESTED READING
Johnston SD, et al: Disorders of the canine uterus
metastatic or malignant tumors Hysterectomy, ovariohysterectomy and uterine tubes. In Johnston SD, et al, editors:
Canine and feline theriogenology, Philadelphia,
PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS Technician Tips 2001, Saunders, p 206.
Abnormal cells noted on vaginal cytology should AUTHOR: Cheryl Lopate, DVM, MS, DACT
Comments be brought to the attention of the veterinarian. EDITOR: Michelle A. Kutzler, DVM, PhD, DACT
Spayed females that have not undergone a
complete hysterectomy (i.e., small portion

Uveitis Client Education
Sheet

BASIC INFORMATION ASSOCIATED DISORDERS ○ Corneal edema
• Systemic conditions: infectious or inflamma- ○ Corneal vascularization
Definition tory disease, UVD syndrome, hypertension, ○ Iris change (e.g., reddening, darkening,
Uveitis is broadly defined as a breakdown in systemic neoplasia (e.g., lymphoma) depigmentation, thickening, iris bombé)
the uveal blood-ocular barrier, resulting in the • Ocular conditions: cataracts, trauma, ○ Conjunctival, episcleral injection
abnormal presence of protein, white blood cells intraocular neoplasia, retinal detachment ○ Cataract
(WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and other Clinical Presentation ○ Posterior segment changes: vitritis, chorio-
compounds in the aqueous humor or vitre- retinitis, retinal detachment, optic neuritis
ous with possible extension to other parts of DISEASE FORMS/SUBTYPES
the eye. • Any protein (seen as flare), whole blood Etiology and Pathophysiology
(hyphema), WBCs (hypopyon), lipid, fibrin, • Any opacification within the clear ocular
Synonyms or any combination of the above in the media (e.g., blood, flare, WBCs) represents
• Anterior uveitis: iridocyclitis, iritis, cyclitis aqueous humor is consistent with uveitis (i.e., a disruption of the blood-ocular barrier, and
• Posterior uveitis: chorioretinitis, retinocho- breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier). empirical treatment with topical antiinflam-
roiditis, choroiditis Material also may be seen in the vitreous matories (prednisolone acetate q 6-12h) can
• Panuveitis: concurrent anterior and posterior or the choroid/retina. be started for the eye to try to reestablish
uveitis • Acute versus chronic the normal blood-ocular barrier if a corneal
ulcer is not present.
Epidemiology HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT • Material in the aqueous humor can lead to
SPECIES, AGE, SEX • Various complaints, depending on duration, disruption of the normal flow by occluding
Dogs and cats; any age or sex, depending on ocular signs, and systemic disease the drainage angle of the eye, resulting in
the underlying cause • Ocular pain (photophobia, blepharospasm) glaucoma. Regular monitoring (weekly ini-
• Red eye tially while treating) should be performed, and
GENETICS, BREED PREDISPOSITION • Cloudy eye glaucoma medications (dorzolamide/timolol
• Most uveitic syndromes do not have a breed • Diminished vision (especially if the condition q 8-12h) should be started when necessary.
predisposition. is bilateral) • Ocular disease
• Uveodermatologic (UVD) syndrome: Akitas, ○ Lens-induced uveitis
Samoyeds, Siberian Huskies PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS ○ Corneal disease (e.g., infected ulcer,
• Pigmentary and cystic glaucoma: golden • Physical exam: varies depending on possible perforation)
retrievers concurrent systemic illness ○ Trauma
• Ophthalmic exam: findings vary tremen- ○ Primary intraocular neoplasia
CONTAGION AND ZOONOSIS dously, depending on severity, duration, and ○ Pigmentary and cystic glaucoma
• Underlying causes may have contagious and cause. Aqueous flare, including hypopyon, ○ Idiopathic/immune-mediated (60% of
zoonotic potential. fibrin in the anterior chamber, hyphema and dogs and cats)
• Contagious keratic precipitates are pathognomonic for • Systemic disease
○ Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) anterior uveitis. ○ Secondary intraocular neoplasia (most
○ Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) ○ Aqueous flare common: lymphoma)
○ Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) ○ Hypopyon ○ Infection (dog)
• Contagious and zoonotic ○ Hyphema ■ Tick-borne (Ehrlichia, Rocky Mountain
○ Brucella canis ○ Fibrin in anterior chamber spotted fever, Lyme disease)
○ Leptospirosis ○ Keratic precipitates ■ Fungal (cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,
○ Toxoplasma gondii ○ Miosis histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis)
○ Synechia (anterior, posterior, dyscoria) ■ Prototheca
GEOGRAPHY AND SEASONALITY ○ Varied intraocular pressure (IOP): decreased ■ Leptospirosis
Varies, depending on infectious agents (e.g., with acute uveitis, increased with second- ■ Brucellosis
tick-borne diseases, systemic mycoses) ary glaucoma ■ Bacterial (septicemia, bacteremia)

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