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SECTION II

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Procedures and Techniques

EDITORS

Mark S. Thompson
DVM, DABVP

Leah A. Cohn
DVM, PhD, DACVIM (SAIM)

This section, Procedures and Techniques, pre- Indications Possible Complications and
sents approximately 150 different diagnostic The diseases and disorders for which a procedure Common Errors to Avoid
and therapeutic interventions. The difficulty should be considered In the author’s experience, certain steps in a
level is denoted as one diamond ♦ to three procedure have recurrently led to mistakes or
diamonds ♦♦♦. Techniques designated as ♦ Contraindications oversights. This information is highlighted here
are described in enough detail that a veterinarian Diseases and disorders that the procedure could as a precautionary step.
should be able to open the book and complete make worse. In the presence of such a disease
the task immediately. At the other extreme, or disorder, the procedure cannot safely be Procedure
procedures designated as ♦♦♦ provide the performed and must be withheld (absolute The step-by-step description of how to perform
practitioner with the type of “need to know” contraindication) or should only be considered the procedure
information that will facilitate client conversa- if no other suitable alternatives exist (relative
tions before referral for more specialized care. contraindication). Postprocedure
Techniques designated as ♦♦ are very doable Important steps to take after the procedure has
but might take a bit of practice with a more Equipment, Anesthesia been completed, typically to reduce complica-
experienced colleague. Variants and alternatives The equipment and materials required to tions and improve patient safety
exist for virtually all of them, and not every perform the procedure, and whether the patient
patient can undergo the exact same approach. needs to be anesthetized, sedated, or neither Alternatives and Their Relative
The clinician should remember that written, (awake) Merits
informed consent should be provided by the Other procedures that have similar goals and
animal’s owner for virtually all of these, and Anticipated Time may be better suited in certain cases than the
many applicable consent forms can be found The expected duration of the procedure, one being described
in associated online materials. including basic set-up, when performed by an
NOTE: The unit of measure of micron, experienced clinician skilled in carrying it out Pearls
sometimes denoted by the Greek letter µ, is Observations, pitfalls, and other items of critical
abbreviated in this text by mc. For example, Preparation: Important information that the author has found to be
1 mcL = 1 microliter; 1 mcg = 1 microgram. Checkpoints most important regarding the procedure Clinical Algorithms
Milestones encountered during preparation that
Synonyms can be overlooked, undervalued, or otherwise
Other names by which the procedure is known missed
Overview and Goal
An extremely brief summary of how the
procedure is carried out (overview) and the
intended result (goal)

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