Page 2190 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

Dental Radiography, Basic 1091.e3

○ Angle formed by the apicocoronal axis of • Automatic processor ○ Cementum (covering the root), peri-
the teeth and the plane of the film/pad/ ○ Automatic processors designed for dental odontal space (containing the periodontal
VetBooks.ir the tube head (x-ray beam) positioned ○ Dental film can also be processed if taped ○ Pulp cavity (pulp chamber in crown and
ligament), and lamina dura (cortical bone
films can deliver processed film in a fully
plate bisected by an imaginary line, with
fixed, dried condition within 5 minutes.
extending into the alveoli)
perpendicular to this imaginary line
○ Used for imaging all maxillary teeth and
root canal in root)
the rostral premolars, canines, and incisors to a larger film that serves as a leader by ○ Furcation (area where two roots meet at
dragging the dental film through a large
of the mandible automatic processor. the crown)
○ Peculiarity in cats: radiographs of the ○ Alveolar margin (most coronal extension
maxillary premolars and molars using Postprocedure of the alveolar bone)
the bisecting angle technique result in Interpreting images:
superimposition of the zygomatic arch • Labial mounting (automatically done with Alternatives and Their
over the root apices of the teeth. To most digital systems) Relative Merits
eliminate this superimposition ○ Place processed film on view box so that The largest dental films (size 4) may also find
An extraoral technique may be used, raised dot is projecting toward the viewer. use for radiographic evaluation of the nasal
■
or ○ Determine if image is of upper or lower cavity, orbit, zygomatic arch, mandibular ramus, Procedures and Techniques
Premolars and molars may be intention- jaw. temporomandibular joint, and tympanic bulla
■
ally elongated slightly when using the ○ Rotate film so that maxillary tooth crowns in cats and small dogs and for partial or full-
intraoral technique to eliminate the point downward and mandibular tooth body imaging studies in small mammals and
superimposition of the zygomatic arch crowns point upward. exotics.
by decreasing the vertical angulation of ○ View image as if looking from outside
the tube head. at a closed mouth whose maxillary and Pearls
Processing exposed films: mandibular teeth are made visible after You will likely be in charge of obtaining full-
• Chairside darkroom raising upper and lower lips. mouth dental radiographic series in dogs and
○ Close lid of the chairside darkroom. • Radiographic landmarks cats.
○ Hold film packet in one hand and a film ○ All three-rooted teeth are located in the
clip in the other. upper jaw. SUGGESTED READING
○ Slide both hands through front sleeves ○ Palatine fissures are located in the upper DuPont GA, et al: Atlas of dental radiography in
into the chairside darkroom. jaw. dogs and cats, St. Louis, 2009, Saunders.
○ Remove exposed x-ray film from packet, ○ Upper jaw shows white lines on lateral and
and place it in film clip. lateral oblique views that are superimposed ADDITIONAL SUGGESTED
○ Place film first into developer for about on teeth (indicating maxillary conchal READINGS
30 seconds. crest and line of conjunction between DeForge DH, et al: An atlas of veterinary dental
○ Briefly (few seconds) rinse in water. body and palatine process of the maxilla). radiology, Ames, IA, 2000, Iowa State University
○ Then place film into fixer for at least 60 ○ Lower jaw shows ventral mandibular Press.
seconds before viewing. cortex, mandibular canal (radiolucent Mulligan TW, et al: Atlas of canine and feline dental
○ After a final water rinse, view film using tubular structure in the mandible), and radiography, Trenton, NJ, 1998, Veterinary Learn-
a dental view box to make a diagnosis. mental foramina (rostral, middle, and ing Systems.
○ After viewing, place film for another 15 caudal; sometimes mistaken for periapical AUTHOR: Alexander M. Reiter, DVM, Dr. med. vet.,
minutes into fixer, followed by thorough pathology) on lateral and lateral oblique DAVDC, DEVDC
rinsing in water for 20 minutes and air views. EDITORS: Leah A. Cohn, DVM, PhD, DACVIM; Mark S.
drying. • Components of the tooth and its supporting Thompson, DVM, DABVP
○ Store completely dry films in a labeled structures
envelope (or other storage system), and ○ Crown and root(s)
keep as part of the patient’s medical ○ Enamel (covering the crown) and dentin
record. (core hard tissue of the tooth)

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