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Joint Effusion 1248.e1

Joint Effusion
VetBooks.ir NONINFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASE INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASE

Degenerative Neoplastic Joint Infectious Noninfectious
Joint Disease Involvement Hemarthrosis Inflammation Inflammation Normal
Color Light yellow Light yellow, Bloody, xanthochromic Variable: yellow, Variable: yellow, Straw-colored
blood-tinged blood-tinged, bloody blood-tinged
Turbidity Clear, slightly turbid Mild to moderate Turbid Turbid to purulent Variable: slight to Clear
turbidity moderate turbidity
Viscosity Normal Normal to reduced Reduced Reduced Reduced Viscous
Mucin Clot Test Normal firm Normal firm Normal to slightly friable Friable Friable Firm
Cytologic Analysis
RBC Few Few to many Many, Moderate Few to moderate Rare
erythrophagocytosis
WBC/mcL <3000 Variable Variable 40,000-250,000 Many but variable 0-2900
Neutrophils Few (<20%) Moderate Moderate Many (usually >90%) Many but variable 0%-10%
Degenerative WBC Absent Absent Absent May be present None to mild None
changes
Lymphocytes Few to moderate Few to moderate Rare Few Few to moderate Few
Synoviocytes Common Few Rare Few to moderate Few to moderate Few
Macrophages Few to moderate Few to moderate Moderate if chronic Few to moderate Few to moderate Rare
Microorganisms None None None May be present None None Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics
Neoplastic cells None Variable None None None None
Others May see LE cells
NOTE: The unit of measure of micron, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter μ, is abbreviated in this text by mc. For example, 1 mcL = 1 microliter; 1 mcg = 1 microgram.
LE, Lupus erythematosus; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell.
From Willard M, Tvedten H: Small animal clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods, ed 4, St. Louis, 2004, Saunders.

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