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Laryngeal Neoplasia Liver Enzyme Elevations Without Primary Hepatopathy 1250.e1

Laryngeal Neoplasia
VetBooks.ir Malignant Tumors of the Canine and Feline Larynx

Lymphoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Mast cell tumor
Osteosarcoma
Melanoma
Oncocytoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Plasmacytoma
Adenocarcinoma
Chondrosarcoma
Granular cell myoblastoma
Fibrosarcoma
Anaplastic carcinoma
Leiomyoma

Modified from Bonagura J: Kirk’s Current veterinary therapy XIII, St. Louis, 2000, Saunders.

Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics
Liver Enzyme Elevations Without Primary Hepatopathy

Conditions That Cause High Serum Liver Enzyme Concentrations in the Absence of Primary Liver Disease
Drug Induction Trauma: ↑ ALT ↑ AST
Glucocorticoids (dogs): ↑↑↑ ALP, ↑↑ GGT, ↑ ALT, ↑ AST Muscle Injury: ↑ AST
Anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone): ↑ ALP, ↑ ALT, ↑ AST, Acute muscle necrosis/trauma
↑ GGT Malignant hyperthermia
Select other agents (inquire about herbal and homeopathic remedies): ↑ ALP Myopathies
Endocrinopathies Neoplasia
Hyperthyroidism (cats): ↑ ALT, ↑ ALP Adenocarcinomas: pancreatic, intestinal, adrenocortical, mammary
Hypothyroidism (dogs): ↑ ALP Sarcomas: hemangiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma
Diabetes mellitus: ↑ ALP Hepatic metastasis: ↑ AST, ↑ ALT, ↑ ALP
Hyperadrenocorticism (dogs): ↑↑↑ ALP, ↑ ALT, ↑ GGT, ↑ AST Unique enzyme induction: ↑↑ ALP, ↑↑ GGT
Hypoxemia/Hypotension: ↑↑ ALT, ↑ ALP, ↑ GGT, ↑ AST Miscellaneous
Congestive heart failure Systemic infections
Severe acute blood loss Pregnancy (cats): ↑ placental ALP
Status epilepticus Colostrum-fed neonates (dogs): ↑ GGT
Hypotensive crisis
Surgery Bone Disorders: ↑ ALP
Septic shock Young animals (during bone growth)
Hypoadrenocorticism Osteosarcoma
Hypovolemic shock Multiple myeloma
Osteomyelitis
ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase.
Modified from Ettinger S, Feldman E: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 5, St. Louis, 2000, Saunders.

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