Page 2521 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

Obesity: Causes and Contributors Oral Ulcers 1261

Obesity: Causes and Contributors
VetBooks.ir Excess caloric intake (most common) Hyperadrenocorticism

Insufficient physical activity
Neutering Hypothalamic disorders
Chronic steroid or antiepileptic drug use
Hypothyroidism Orthopedic disease
Reproduced from the third edition in modified form.

THIRD EDITION AUTHOR: Kathryn E. Michel, DVM, MS, DACVN

Oral Ulcers

Comparison of Ulcerative Lesions in Oral Cavities of Dogs and Cats
Cause Species Lesion Location
Excessive licking (eosinophilic ulcer) C Upper incisor or carnassial area of lip, near philtrum, roof of mouth
(hard palate)
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, systemic D Roof of mouth, lips, cheeks, often symmetrical; other mucocutaneous
lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme) regions, footpads Differentials, Lists,
Irritants, uremia B Tip of tongue and Mnemonics
Viral (parvoviral), rickettsial (RMSF) D Multifocal lingual
Contact mucositis (AKA contact mucosal ulceration, chronic ulcerative D > C Mucosa apical to the maxillary canines and 4th premolars most likely
paradental stomatitis [CUPS], ulcerative stomatitis, idiopathic stomatitis, involved. Marked inflammation with or without ulceration and necrosis
lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis, and plaque-reactive stomatitis). Breed of the vestibular mucosa in areas that contact tooth surfaces are also
predisposition Maltese dog, greyhound, Cavalier King Charles spaniel, and affected.
Scottish terrier.
Dental tartar, periodontal disease B Periodontal regions (gingival margins)
Traumatic (e.g., malocclusion, foreign body, injury from bone/stick) B Any area affected
Chemical (e.g., liquid potpourri, acids, caustic substances, quaternary B In shelter settings, oral ulcers and drooling associated with overzealous
ammonium disinfectants, pancreatic enzyme supplements) use of disinfectants can be mistaken for calicivirus in cats.
Herpesvirus C Tongue, palate, multifocal
Calicivirus C Acute: dorsal tongue surface
Chronic: caudal mucositis (inflammation of the caudal oral cavity lateral
to the palatoglossal folds), extending rostrally into gingiva, alveolar
mucosa and labial, buccal and sublingual mucosa
Spirochete-induced aphthous ulcers D Bright red ulcers
Immunosuppression: hyperadrenocorticism, leukopenia, FeLV, FIV B Periodontal region, may spread to gums and cheeks
Electrocution C Lips, labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa and gingiva, tongue (often in
linear pattern), hard palate mucosa
Metabolic disease (e.g., uremia) B Tongue tip
Nutritional disorders (e.g., protein calorie malnutrition, riboflavin deficiency) B Variable
B, Both cat and dog; C, cats; D, dogs; FeLV, feline leukemia virus; FIV, feline immunodeficiency virus; RMSF, Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Modified from Greene C: Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed 4, St. Louis, 2012, Saunders.

www.ExpertConsult.com