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132 Bronchiectasis

PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME Decontamination Recommendations for Bromethalin Ingestion

VetBooks.ir • Good prognosis for patients with a recent Dose Ingested (mg/kg) Time Since Exposure Treatment
exposure that are promptly and properly
Dogs
decontaminated
0.1-0.49
Emesis or 1 dose AC
<4
• Fair prognosis for patients that ingested a
dose below the LD50 and have mild signs. >4 1 dose AC
Signs may resolve over the course of days 0.5-0.75 <4 Emesis + AC q 8h for 24h
to weeks, or they may progress. (3 doses total)
• Grave prognosis for patients with severe signs >4 AC q 8h for 24h
of seizures, tremors, or coma (3 doses total)
>0.75 <4 Emesis + AC q 8h for 48h
PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS (6 doses total)
Comments >4 AC q 8h for 48h
• Identification of the ingredient and concen- (6 doses total)
tration should be taken directly from the Cats
packaging whenever possible. The U.S. 0.05-0.1 <4 Emesis or 1 dose AC
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) >4 1 dose AC
registration number can be used to accurately
identify the bait. Clinicians should be wary 0.1-0.3 <4 Emesis + AC q 8h for 24h
of identifications made from Internet searches (3 doses total)
as packages that look similar in appearance >4 AC q 8h for 24h
may contain bait with different active (3 doses total)
ingredients. >0.3 <4 Emesis + AC q 8h for 48h
• Rodenticides that contain 0.01% bromethalin (6 doses total)
contain 0.1 mg/g bromethalin. There are >4 AC q 8h for 48h
2.84 mg of bromethalin in each ounce of (6 doses total)
0.01% bait. The LD50 for dogs is 2.4 to
5.6 mg/kg. AC, Activated charcoal.
• Patients that develop CNS signs while Data from ASPCA: APCC’s decontamination recommendations for bromethalin ingestion. https://www.aspcapro.org/sites/default/
receiving activated charcoal should have files/0903toxbrief_0.pdf.
hypernatremia ruled out before starting other
treatments.
scenario amount ingested, and when the • Keep all packaging from rodenticides so it
Prevention exposure occurred. Encourage clients to retrieve can be referenced if needed.
Place rodenticides in areas inaccessible to bait packaging and investigate for remaining
pets. bait when necessary. SUGGESTED READING
Tourdot R: The decontamination dilemma: brometh-
Technician Tips Client Education alin ingestion. Todays Vet Pract Jan/Feb:95-100,
An accurate history is vital for successful treat- • Place rodenticides in areas inaccessible to 2017.
ment of bromethalin ingestions. Determine the pets; pet-resistant bait stations are not AUTHOR: Renee Tourdot, DVM
exact identification of the bait, the worst-case completely pet-proof. EDITOR: Tina Wismer, DVM, MS, DABVT, DABT

Bronchiectasis Bonus Material Client Education
Sheet
Online

BASIC INFORMATION • In dogs, either sex equally affected; male ○ Bronchopneumonia (p. 795)
cats may be overrepresented ○ Immunosuppressive states
Definition ○ Neoplasia
Irreversible, pathologic dilation of airways due GENETICS, BREED PREDISPOSITION
to destruction of elastic and muscular compo- American cocker spaniel, West Highland white ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
nents of airway walls terrier, miniature and standard poodles, Siberian Bronchopneumonia
husky, Alaskan malamute, English springer
Epidemiology spaniel, and beagle may have an increased Clinical Presentation
SPECIES, AGE, SEX risk. DISEASE FORMS/SUBTYPES
• Dogs > cats; cats frequently subclinical • Focal, multifocal, and diffuse distribution
• Young if associated with congenital abnor- RISK FACTORS • Cylindrical, saccular, and cystic forms
malities (rare) • Congenital defects (e.g., primary ciliary
• Older (i.e., dogs > 10 years have an dyskinesia, immunodeficiency diseases) HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT
increased risk) if associated with chronic • Acquired diseases • Incidental radiographic finding in the absence
inflammation (e.g., chronic bronchitis, eosin- ○ Chronic bronchitis (p. 136) of clinical signs (especially in cats), or
ophilic bronchopneumopathy), infection, or ○ Eosinophilic bronchitis/eosinophilic • Cough
neoplasia bronchopneumopathy (p. 298) • Tachypnea

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