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Cystitis, Fungal/Algal 234.e3

• Other treatment options (e.g., systemic or • Patients with primary fungal cystitis should ADDITIONAL SUGGESTED
intravesicular amphotericin B, other oral be screened for concurrent lower urinary tract READINGS
VetBooks.ir neglect (asymptomatic animals) have not • Urine culture in animals suspected of Pressler BM, et al: Candida spp. urinary tract infec- Diseases and Disorders
azole drugs, terbinafine cotherapy) or benign
diseases and diabetes mellitus.
tions in 13 dogs and 7 cats: predisposing factors,
having disseminated or systemic fungal or
been evaluated in animals.
treatment, and outcome. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc
39:263-270, 2003.
Possible Complications algal disease, even when organisms are not Pressler BM, et al: Urinary tract manifestations of
identified on urine sediment examination,
Primary infections may progress to pyelo- may allow noninvasive diagnosis. protothecosis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 19:115-119,
nephritis or, rarely, disseminated/systemic 2005.
infection. Technician Tips Rudinsky AJ, et al: Urine sediment identification
• Fungal and algal infections can be easily of Blastomyces dermatitidis organisms in dogs with
Recommended Monitoring missed on urine sediment examinations confirmed systemic infection [abstract]. J Vet Intern
Med 27:723, 2013.
Culture urine regularly (q 2-4 months) after because urine usually contains low numbers Soonthornsit J, et al: Penicillium species-induced
resolution to monitor for recurrence. of these organisms and often do not stain granuloma in a cat resulting in chronic lower
with Sedistain. urinary tract disease. J Feline Med Surg 15:1154-
PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME • Although urine samples may be contaminated 1159, 2013.
with cutaneous flora during sample collec- Toll J, et al: Intravesicular administration of
• Primary fungal infections may be very dif- tion, when fungal or algal organisms are seen clotrimazole for treatment of candiduria in a
ficult to treat; prognosis is fair. on urine sediment examination, then true cat with diabetes mellitus. J Am Vet Med Assoc
○ Intravesicular clotrimazole infusion infections are more likely than false-positives. 223:1156-1158, 2003.
protocol may improve treatment success. When organisms are noted, a sterile urine
• Prognosis for secondary fungal or algal cystitis sample should be submitted for confirmation RELATED CLIENT EDUCATION
due to disseminated/systemic infections is via culture. SHEETS
poor.
SUGGESTED READING Consent to Perform Cystocentesis
PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS Jin Y, et al: Fungal urinary tract infections in the dog How to Collect a Urine Sample
and cat: a retrospective study (2001-2004). J Am Urinary Tract Infections
Comments Anim Hosp Assoc 41:373-381, 2005.
• Control or elimination of predisposing factors AUTHORS: Barrak M. Pressler, DVM, PhD, DACVIM;
Leah A. Cohn, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
is critical for resolution of fungal infections. EDITOR: Leah A. Cohn, DVM, PhD, DACVIM

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