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480 Hops Toxicosis

Clinical Presentation commercial diets, commercial pre-mix products
DISEASE FORMS/SUBTYPES requiring the addition of meat, and refrigerated PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME
VetBooks.ir can reveal use of home-prepared diets. Initial Database diets appropriate for their individual needs
fresh commercial diets).
Excellent for pets on complete and balanced
Always collect a thorough dietary history, which
HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT
history and physical exam with body weight,
The feeding of a home-prepared diet may be Nutritional assessment (including dietary PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS
discovered incidentally, or owners may seek body condition score, and muscle condition Comments
veterinary help in initiating or continuing score) as well as CBC, serum chemistry • Clinicians should discuss diet with every
specific recipes out of preference or necessity. panel, and urinalysis are recommended before client and, for those invested in home-
For some pets, a home-prepared diet is the only initiation of diet and then every 6 months. prepared options, understand their motiva-
option to optimally manage their disease(s) if Home-prepared diet recipes can be qualitatively tion as well as ability to provide an adequate
commercially available diets are not suitable. evaluated for provision of calories, protein and appropriate diet.
source and amount, source of essential fatty • Home-prepared diets typically require more
PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS acids, source of calcium, and source of trace financial, time, and space resources than
Findings range from an apparently healthy pet minerals and vitamins. commercially available options.
(regardless of whether diet is balanced) to overt
signs of nutritional deficiency or toxicity, such as Advanced or Confirmatory Testing Technician Tips
dilated cardiomyopathy or blindness due to taurine Comprehensive testing of nutritional status is • Provide valuable client education about the
deficiency in cats, poor skin and coat quality due not available. Few essential nutrients can be proper diet and feeding management of dogs
to essential fatty acid deficiency, fractures due to assessed by blood concentrations (e.g., cobala- and cats.
calcium deficiency during growth, and poor body min, amino acids), surrogate marker testing • Ensure that every patient is weighed, body
condition along with over or under ideal weight. (e.g., transketolase enzyme activity for thiamin condition scored, and has a dietary history
Other abnormalities may be related to underlying status), or liver biopsies (for copper status). recorded.
disease that prompted consideration of diet change Quantitative evaluation of recipes for a home- • Counsel clients regarding challenges as well
(e.g., small kidneys in pet with CKD). prepared diet requires specialized software, and as benefits of using home-prepared diets.
a board-certified veterinary nutritionist should
DIAGNOSIS be consulted (www.acvn.org). The data can then Client Education
be correlated with patient information to assess Clients who want or need to provide home-
Diagnostic Overview suitability and effectiveness of the diet. prepared diets may require more logistical
Dietary history should include specific types support. Board-certified veterinary nutrition-
and amounts foods fed, including treats and TREATMENT ists can help construct customized nutritional
supplements. If assessment of the diet does not management plans that include home-prepared
meet the individual’s needs (e.g., not addressing Treatment Overview diets for healthy pets and those with disease.
nutritionally-responsive disease, unbalanced Obtaining a balanced and appropriate option Reputable sources of recipes include Diplomates
home-prepared diet, inadequate calorie intake), or correcting an inadequate recipe for a home- of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition
adjustments should be implemented. When prepared diet for individual pets is a service (www.acvn.org) and www.balanceit.com.
home-prepared diets are preferred or indicated provided by some board-certified veterinary
for individual patients, the veterinarian is an nutritionists (www.acvn.org). SUGGESTED READING
important source of information to help ensure Fascetti AJ, et al: Commercial and home-prepared
safe and effective use. Acute General Treatment diets. In Fascetti AJ, et al, editors: Applied veterinary
Urgency of diet correction depends on degree and clinical nutrition, Chichester, UK, 2012, Wiley-
Differential Diagnosis chronicity of potential nutritional deficiency or Blackwell, pp 95-107.
As home cooked diets are not a disease, there toxicity, life stage of pet, and clinical presentation. AUTHOR & EDITOR: Jennifer A. Larsen, DVM, PhD,
are no differential diagnoses. Other unconven- DACVN
tional diets may or may not be balanced or Possible Complications
otherwise appropriate (such as homemade-style Malnutrition

Hops Toxicosis Client Education
Sheet

Epidemiology Clinical Presentation
BASIC INFORMATION
SPECIES, AGE, SEX DISEASE FORMS/SUBTYPES
Definition Dogs are the only known species to develop Dogs develop a malignant hyperthermia–like
Humulus lupulus (hops) is a member of the hyperthermia due to hops ingestion. syndrome.
Cannabaceae family. Hops may be cultivated
in gardens as part of a landscape. It is used in GENETICS, BREED PREDISPOSITION HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT
herbal medications as a sleep aide. In most Initially, greyhounds appeared to have a greater • History of ingesting new or spent hops,
cases, intoxication results from exposure to hops degree of susceptibility. However, as more cases garden flowers
(flowers, socks, plugs, or pellets) for use in the are reported, toxicity has been reported in a • Panting/tachypnea
production of beer. wider variety of breeds. • Agitation, anxiety, hyperactivity
• Vomiting
Synonyms RISK FACTORS
Common hops, beer hops, lupulin The presence of hops in the dog’s environment
(e.g., home brewers)
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