Page 978 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

Hookworm Infection 480.e3

○ Ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg PO or SQ (1-2 kittens that present with evidence of anemia and SUGGESTED READING
treatments usually sufficient; beware risks shock. Bowman DD: Superfamily Ancylostomatidae. In
VetBooks.ir Chronic Treatment Prevention veterinarians, ed 9, St. Louis, 2009, Saunders, pp Diseases and Disorders
[p. 566])
Bowman DD, editor: Georgi’s Parasitology for
179-184.
• Sodium borate applied to gravel or con-
• Repeat anthelmintic therapy as necessary to
prevent reinfection. Resistance to infection crete can control hookworm larvae in the ADDITIONAL SUGGESTED
environment.
increases with age and exposure. • Best prevention is regular administration READING
• To prevent passage of infective larvae from of anthelmintics. Commercial heartworm Bowman DD, et al: Hookworms of dogs and cats as
lactating bitches to puppies, treat with preventives containing ivermectin/pyrantel agents of cutaneous larva migrans. Trends Parasitol
fenbendazole 50 mg/kg PO q 24h from pamoate, milbemycin, and selamectin have 26:162-167, 2010.
day 40 of gestation to day 14 of lactation. simultaneous anthelmintic properties for Bowman DD, et al: Ancylostomatidae. In Bowman
monthly control of hookworms in adult DD, et al, editors: Feline clinical parasitology, Ames,
Recommended Monitoring dogs and cats. Selamectin does not control IA, 2002, Iowa State University Press, pp 242-257.
• Acute anemia: monitor hematocrit, reticu- hookworms in dogs but is efficacious in cats Snyder DE, et al: Dose confirmation and non-
locyte counts at heartworm-preventive doses. interference evaluations of the oral efficacy of a
• Repeat fecal flotations combination of milbemycin oxime and spinosad
Technician Tips against the dose limiting parasites, adult cat flea
(Ctenocephalides felis) and hookworm (Ancylostoma
PROGNOSIS & OUTCOME Melena and/or pale oral mucous membranes caninum) in dogs. Vet Parasitol 184:284-290, 2012.
are telltale signs of infection in puppies; older Traversa D: Pet roundworms and hookworms: a
Prognosis is excellent with removal of parasites animals usually show no clinical signs. continuing need for global worming. Parasit Vectors
in compensated infection but guarded in cases 5:91, 2012.
of acute severe anemia. Client Education
When hookworms are diagnosed, the client/ RELATED CLIENT EDUCATION
PEARLS & CONSIDERATIONS owner must be informed regarding zoonotic SHEET
potential (cutaneous larva migrans), particularly
Comments in young children (e.g., playing in sandboxes How to Collect a Fecal Sample
Peak blood loss from hookworm infection infected with third-stage larvae) and adults in
occurs before eggs are shed in feces. A nega- close contact with feces-contaminated moist, AUTHOR: Charles M. Hendrix, DVM, PhD
tive fecal exam does not rule out hookworm sandy soil (e.g., beaches with free-roaming EDITOR: Joseph Taboada, DVM, DACVIM
disease, especially in very young puppies or dogs).

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