Page 964 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

936 PART VIII Reproductive System Disorders

BOX 54.1 BOX 54.4
VetBooks.ir Basic Reproductive Practice Job Tasks Veterinary Resources for Genetic Disease and Genetic
Variability Screening
Canine ovulation timing
Canine semen collection and evaluation http://www.caninehealthinfo.org/
Chilled canine semen collection and processing https://www.ofa.org/breedtests.
Canine artificial insemination, vaginal and transcervical; html?btnSearch=Tests+by+Breed
fresh and chilled semen http://www.fabcats.org/breeders/inherited_disorders/
Ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch and index.php
queen http://omia.angis.org.au
Obstetrics www.vet.cam.ac.uk/idid/
Elective cesarean section (timing and performance) https://www.vetgen.com/
Emergency cesarean section
Neonatal resuscitation
Pediatrics
Infertility evaluation/management
Diagnosis and therapy of disorders of the reproductive
tract (canine, feline, male and female) while
preserving breeding potential
Estrus induction
Pregnancy termination

BOX 54.2

Advanced Reproductive Practice Job Tasks
Canine cryopreservation
Frozen semen insemination (transcervical, surgical)
Feline semen collection and evaluation
Feline artificial insemination FIG 54.1
Transcervical diagnostics (intrauterine cytology, biopsy) Vaginoscopy performed in a proestrual bitch with a
pediatric proctoscope.

BOX 54.3 conditions, or genetic traits. To increase access to informa-
tion on diagnosing hereditary diseases in dogs and cats, a
Infectious Disease Screening web application has been developed to collect, organize,
and display information on available DNA tests and other
Canine supporting information, including gene and chromosomal
Brucella canis locations, mutations, primary research citations, and disease
Screen: Rapid slide/tube agglutination (RSAT, RTAT), descriptions. There are currently 131 molecular genetic tests
2-mercaptoethanol modified RSAT or TAT
Confirmatory: Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID), available for hereditary diseases in dogs and cats offered by
culture, PCR 43 laboratories worldwide (Box 54.4).
± Herpes canis serology (to guide quarantine) The physical examination should pay specific attention to
the external genitalia. Bitches and queens should be evalu-
Feline ated for vestibule-vaginal malformations that could interfere
FeLV, FIV serology with copulation or whelping, either via digital or vagino-
(FIP real time PCR on tissue or body fluids of abortions) scopic examination (Fig. 54.1). Abnormalities of the devel-
Toxoplasmosis IgM, IgG serology/PCR opment of the müllerian duct or with the normal fusion
between the müllerian duct and the urogenital sinus during
embryogenesis can result in atresia of the tubular genitalia
be placed on a diet designed to support gestation and lacta- or formation of septa. Septa can be circumferential (hymen-
tion before breeding and continue through weaning, and like) or dorsoventral bands, both usually located just cranial
queens should be fed free choice. Stud dogs and toms should to the urethral papilla. Dorsoventral bands, if narrow, can
be fed AAFCO-tested commercial maintenance diets and be usually be easily resected with vaginoscopy before breeding
kept in good body condition. and whelping, even during proestrus (Fig. 54.2). Sedation
Veterinarians should not be hesitant to advise against of a short general anesthetic is sometimes required. Thicker
breeding individuals with undesirable temperament, physical bands and circumferential strictures are difficult to resolve