Page 1562 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

turn gene transcription on or off.
VetBooks.ir Transduction The conversion of a signal from one form to another.

Translation The conversion of the RNA nucleotide sequence into
an amino acid sequence in a ribosome.

Transporter protein Proteins that bind fragments of endogenous
antigen and carry them to newly assembled MHC class I

molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Trematode A helminth known as a fluke. Trematodes are

important human and animal parasites.

Tubercle A persistent inflammatory response to the presence of

mycobacteria in the tissues.

Tuberculin An extract of tubercle bacilli used in a diagnostic skin

test for tuberculosis.

Tumor necrosis factors Macrophage- and lymphocyte-derived

cytokines that can exert a direct toxic effect on neoplastic cells.

Tunicates Complex marine invertebrates possessing characteristic

outer cuticular coverings, whose embryonic stages possess
features that resemble those found in some vertebrates.

Type 2 immune responses Immune responses mediated by Th2
cells, ILC2 cells, M2 macrophages, and type 2 cytokines. It
involves antibody production and protects against helminths
and toxins.

Tyrosine kinase An enzyme that phosphorylates tyrosine residues
in proteins. It plays a key role in signal transduction.

U

Urodeles The most primitive order of amphibians; it includes the

newts and salamanders.

Urticaria Inflammatory and edematous skin reactions due to

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