Page 464 - The Veterinary Laboratory and Field Manual 3rd Edition

Epidemiology 401

Table 9.1 Examples of common clinical disease syndromes (ruminants) and
corresponding possible notifiable diseases or other differential diagnoses and the
laboratory samples required to make a definitive laboratory diagnosis (zoonoses
in grey). For the most up to date standards on testing for specific diseases in livestock
species check the online edition of the OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines
for Terrestrial Animals http://www.oie.int/standard-setting/terrestrial-manual/access-
online/.

Clinical disease Possible diseases/ Ante-mortem sample Post-mortem laboratory
syndrome conditions/causes samples
SUDDEN DEATH Anthrax BEFOrE OPENING
Clostridial enterotoxaemias CArCASS: direct blood
Haemorrhagic septicaemia, smear from ear vein
ovine pasteurellosis stained with Methylene
Acute poisoning, Plague Blue/Azur Blue
(Yersinia pestis) if negative, then sample:
Acute septicaemia, bacterial/ intestinal contents, heart/
viral jugular vein blood, lung
tissue, liver, spleen,
kidney, long bone marrow
for culture and/or toxin
ident
OrAL/PErI-OrAL Foot and mouth disease Whole blood – serum Whole blood – serum
LESIONS Vesicular stomatitis Vesicular fluid in PBS, Vesicular fluid, oral
High morbidity PPR, sheep/goat pox, Orf, pH 7.2 mucosal tissue samples
Rinderpest*, etc. Epithelium in PBS, Prescapular or mesenteric
pH 7.2 lymph nodes
Pharyngeal swab in Heart muscle tissue, lung,
PBS, pH 7.2 spleen, tonsils
Lesion tissue in PBS, skin papules
pH 7.2
Ocular/nasal
secretions, biopsy of
skin papules
ABOrTION Brucellosis, Chlamydiosis Serum Aborted foetus
Individual/‘abortion Q fever, Campylobacter Milk Foetal stomach contents,
storm’ Toxoplasmosis, Listeriosis Vaginal discharge foetal liver/lung
Leptospirosis, mycoses, etc. swab Cotyledons, placenta,
milk/colostrum, vaginal
swab; serum samples for
culture and serology
ACUTE Pasteurella pneumonia Whole blood – serum Whole blood – serum
rESPIrATOrY Contagious caprine Nasal discharge swab Tracheal/bronchial swabs
SIGNS pleuropneumonia (CCPP) Faecal sample Pleural cavity fluid swabs,
Nasal discharge PPR, lungworm infections, (lungworm eggs) lung tissue
High morbidity bacterial/viral bronchitis/ Cotyledons from Placenta, foetal stomach
tracheitis, calf pneumonia aborted placenta contents
(strep/staph/viral)

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