Page 484 - The Veterinary Laboratory and Field Manual 3rd Edition

Wildlife health and disease surveillance 421

Table 11.1 Examples of diseases that can be transmitted between wild and
domestic animal populations.

Family/class (species) disease name (aetiology) Comments
Bovidae Leptospirosis Transmission though direct contact (bacteria
(cattle, sheep, goats and (Leptospira spp.) are passed in urine) and waterborne; various
relatives) serovars exist, some transmitted via specific
hosts (i.e. L. pomona in pigs), others carried
by various wildlife species (especially
rodents). Specific serovar can be zoonotic.
Tuberculosis Found in wild and domestic animals, wildlife
(Mycobacterium bovis) reservoirs (e.g. badgers, brush tailed
possums, deer) can make it difficult to
control. Zoonotic.
Salmonellosis Various serovars exist; rodents and birds can
(Salmonella spp.) contaminate feed. Specific serovar can be
zoonotic.
Anthrax Regional outbreaks, land may remain
(Bacillus anthracis) contaminated with spores for decades; can
occur after heavy rainfall. Zoonotic.
Brucellosis Asymptomatic carriers can occur; high risk of
(Brucella abortus) transmission during parturition. Zoonotic.
Anaplasmosis Can be transmitted widely where competent
(Anaplasma spp.) arthropod vectors are present.
Rabies May be endemic in some wildlife species,
(Rhabdovirus) especially canids; domestic and wild bovids
are susceptible. Zoonotic.
Foot and mouth disease Transmission through direct contact or water/
(Picornavirus) windborne; may have wildlife reservoirs (e.g.
wildebeest in Africa).
Malignant catarrhal fever May have wildlife reservoirs; clinical severity
(Gamma herpesvirus) varies from species to species.
Parasitic diseases Exchange of parasites can occur between
(endo- and ectoparasites) wild and domestic bovids.
Suidae Highly susceptible to foot and Peccaries seem resistant to some viruses
(pigs, warthogs) mouth disease (amplify virus); common in domestic pigs; African wild swine
Aujeszky’s disease; African may carry diseases that impact domestic
swine fever and hog cholera; pigs.
vesicular stomatitis; vesicular
exanthema
Camelidae Susceptible to the same Domesticated camels are highly susceptible
(camels and relatives) diseases as Bovidae to sarcoptic mange.
Cervidae Most species susceptible Wild deer are native to Asia, North and South
(deer, caribou, moose, to viral diseases such as America, and Europe. Some common species
and relatives) bluetongue, epizootic are semi-domesticated and classed as
haemorrhagic disease, livestock (e.g. red deer).
malignant catarrhal fever and
other diseases carried by bovids

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