Page 490 - Problem-Based Feline Medicine

482 PART 7 SICK CAT WITH SPECIFIC SIGNS

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METABOLIC
● Renal failure*** (p 494)
Uremia causes alimentary tract ulceration, systemic hypertension causes retinal hemorrhages, a
platelet function defect may be present, coagulation defects may be present, and hemolytic-uremic
syndrome is an uncommon complication of renal transplantation.
● Hyperadrenocorticism (p 520)
Acquired fragile skin may lead to vascular trauma.
● Systemic hypertension** (p 495)
Systemic hypertension may cause retinal hemorrhages and, less often, epistaxis. The most com-
mon cause of hypertension is chronic renal failure. Other causes include hyperthyroidism, diabetes
mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism and polycythemia vera. Rare disorders that may cause hypertension
include multiple myeloma, pheochromocytoma and hyperaldosteronism.
NEOPLASTIC, INFLAMMATION, TRAUMA

● Local lesions causing localized hemorrhage *** (p 492)
Tumors (e.g. cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma), local inflammation (e.g. cat bite abscesses,
idiopathic cystitis), and trauma (e.g. lacerations) may cause local bleeding at the site.

● Motor vehicle and other major blunt trauma*** (p 493)
Major trauma can cause mild to severe local bleeding at numerous sites.
● Strangulation (p 519)
External choking injury may cause scleral hemorrhage.
TOXIC
● Snake bite envenomation (p 503)
Snake venom toxins may cause edema and bleeding around the bite.
PLATELET DISORDERS
ANOMALY

● Chediak–Higashi syndrome (p 520)
An inherited platelet function defect causes prolonged bleeding after trauma.
● Idiopathic thrombocytopathia (p 520)
An inherited platelet function defect causes spontaneous mucosal bleeding.
● Von Willebrand’s disease (p 521)
An inherited von Willebrand’s factor (a platelet adhesion protein) deficiency causes prolonged
bleeding after trauma.

METABOLIC
● Megakaryocytic hypoplasia** (p 495)
Reduced platelet production may be due to hematopoietic neoplasms in the bone marrow, retrovi-
ral infections, histoplasmosis infecting the bone marrow, idiopathic causes (which are probably
immune-mediated) and toxicoses. Severe thrombocytopenia causes spontaneous mucosal bleeding
and prolonged bleeding after injury.