Page 492 - Problem-Based Feline Medicine

484 PART 7 SICK CAT WITH SPECIFIC SIGNS

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COAGULOPATHIES
ANOMALY

● Hemophilia A (classical hemophilia) (p 510)
Inherited factor VIII deficiency causes spontaneous internal bleeding and re-bleeding after trauma.

● Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) (p 513)
Inherited factor IX deficiency causes spontaneous internal bleeding and re-bleeding after trauma.
● Hageman trait* (p 504)
Inherited factor XII deficiency causes markedly prolonged activated clotting time and activated
partial thromboplastin time without clinical signs.

● Vitamin K responsive coagulopathy in the Devon Rex (p 515)
An inherited defect in vitamin K metabolism causes spontaneous internal bleeding and re-bleeding
after trauma.
● Factor X deficiency (p 522)
Inherited factor X deficiency causes spontaneous internal bleeding and re-bleeding after trauma.

● Hemophilia C (p 514)
Inherited factor XI deficiency causes excessive bleeding after trauma.
METABOLIC

● Liver disease** (p 498)
Vitamin K deficiency (several causes), failure of coagulation factor synthesis, and chronic DIC
may cause excessive bleeding after venepuncture and liver biopsy. The liver may be friable.
● Pancreatitis (p 518)
Hemostatic abnormalities are usually subclinical. Clinical bleeding is unlikely unless there is
severe DIC or concurrent liver disease.
● Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) (p 516)
Vitamin K malabsorption may cause spontaneous or excessive bleeding.
● Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (p 517)
Vitamin K malabsorption may cause spontaneous or excessive bleeding.

● Disseminated intravascular coagulation* (p 501)
Acute and chronic DIC are characterized by variable prolongation of clotting times, although clini-
cal bleeding is uncommon. DIC may be caused by hematopoietic and solid neoplasms, viral infec-
tions (panleukopenia, feline infectious peritonitis), bacterial and fungal sepsis, systemic protozoal
infections and hyperthermia. Clinical bleeding is uncommon.
NUTRITIONAL
● Vitamin K deficient diet (p 523)
A diet severely deficient in vitamin K1 or containing a vitamin K antagonist may cause sponta-
neous internal bleeding and re-bleeding after trauma. Anorexia may contribute to vitamin K defi-
ciency in liver disease.