Page 971 - Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses, 7th Edition

Principles of Therapy for Lameness 937

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Figure 8.22. Sensory integration. In this example of a taping following the line of the transverse abdominus, internal oblique, and
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technique of the abdominal complex, Kinesio Tape is applied to rectus abdominus muscles. The tape finishes on the ventral aspect
stretch from the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, of the sternum and pectoral muscle complex.

the analgesic benefits of cryotherapy with a 15–20 minute application of cryotherapy. Further in vitro research has
application providing pain relief for 1–2 hours. 65,172 demonstrated that the viability of tenocytes exposed to
cold treatment (10 °C) for 1 hour did not significantly
differ from those cells maintained at 37 °C. Cryotherapy
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Evidence in Horses research in horses has focused primarily on applications
Ice water immersion for 30 minutes reduced the within the distal limbs and on inflammatory responses
superficial and subcutaneous tissues in the distal limb to associated with laminitis. The exact effect of cryother-
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within optimal therapeutic range compared with cold apy on various equine musculoskeletal injuries has not
pack application. Ice water immersion remains the been fully elucidated. Additional studies are still needed
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superior form of cryotherapy for the horse; however to create evidence‐based guidelines on the use of cryo-
application of a compression boot with continuous cir- therapy. These must address effective duration, frequency,
culating coolant applied to the distal forelimb of horses temperature, and safety of application that will optimize
for 1 hour significantly reduced the superficial digital outcomes after injury.
flexor tendon (SDFT) core temperature to 10 °C.
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Similarly, a dry sleeve perfused cuff with continuous cir-
culating coolant that included the hoof and distal limb Heat Therapy
was as effective as ice water immersion in reducing hoof Mechanism of Action
wall surface temperatures to <10 °C for over an 8‐hour
period. In both humans and dogs, circulating cryother- The topical application of heat produces increases in
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apy and intermittent compression provide a significant local circulation, induces muscle relaxation (and there-
reduction in pain, swelling, and lameness and an increase fore, reduction of muscle spasms and associated pain),
in joint range of motion after orthopedic surgery. 16,42 The and increases tissue extensibility. 73,132 Increased local
recent results of tissue cooling being as effective with cir- blood flow mobilizes tissue metabolites and increases
culating cryotherapy units compared with ice water tissue oxygenation and the metabolic rate of cells and
immersion enhances efficacy and safety in the clinical enzyme systems. In general, metabolic rate increases