Page 106 - BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Edition

Chapter 7 · Surgery of the larynx

On physical examination in dogs usually no abnormal- control lymphoma or granular cell tumour, mast cell
ities are detected, with the exception of the stridor; how- tumour, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma,
VetBooks.ir feline tumours are more likely to involve multiple laryngeal excellent results as well.
but chemotherapeutic treatment of feline lymphoma yields
ever, in cats, tumours can sometimes be palpated because
Benign lesions of the trachea and larynx have a good
structures and the larynx is softer and more flaccid than
in the dog.
prognosis if they can be completely resected; the prog-
nosis for malignant lesions appears to be poor.
Diagnostic imaging
Ultrasonography, radiography, CT and MRI can be used
to characterize and stage laryngeal cancer. Although References and further reading
ultrasonography and radiography can reveal the general
location of the tumour and give some idea of its exten- Demetriou J and irby BM ( 3) he e ect of two modifications of unilateral
arytenoid lateralization on rima glottidis area in dogs. Veterinary Surgery 32, 62–68
sion, both CT and MRI will show finer anatomical detail
Gri n J and rahwinkel DJ ( ) aryngeal paralysis: pathophysiology,
and provide more useful information about invasion of diagnosis, and surgical repair. Compendium on Continuing Education for the
the cartilage, extralaryngeal extension and the status Practicing Veterinarian 27, 857–869
of the local lymph nodes. Laryngoscopy is essential for Gri ths G, Sullivan M and Reid SWJ ( 1) A comparison of the e ects of
unilateral thyroarytenoid lateralization versus cricoarytenoid laryngoplasty on
further assessment and facilitates biopsy for cytological the area of the rima glottidis and clinical outcome in dogs with laryngeal
or histological diagnosis. paralysis. Veterinary Surgery 30, 359–365
Hammel SP, Hottinger HA and Novo RE (2006) Postoperative results of unilateral
arytenoid lateralization for treatment of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis in dogs:
Therapy 39 cases (1996–2002). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
228, 1215–1220
Benign laryngeal cancers can usually be removed Monnet E (2003) Laryngeal paralysis and devocalization. In: Textbook of Small
successfully with preservation of function via either an Animal Surgery, 3rd edn, ed. D Slatter, pp. 837–845. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia
endoscopy-assisted oral approach or ventral laryn- Stanley BJ, Hauptman JG, Fritz MC et al. (2010) Esophageal dysfunction in dogs
with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: a controlled cohort study. Veterinary Surgery
gotomy. Temporary tracheostomy is advised for the initial 39, 139–149
recovery period (2–3 days). Complete laryngectomy with ter Haar G (2016) Surgical management of laryngeal paralysis. In: Complications
a permanent tracheostomy is technically demanding but in Small Animal Surgery, ed. DJ Gri on and A Hamaide, pp. 178 184. Wiley-
Blackwell, Ames
feasible in dogs and cats; however, the permanent trache-
ostoma created with this technique will need constant Venker-van Haagen AJ (2005) The larynx. In: Ear, Nose, Throat, and
Tracheobronchial Diseases in Dogs and Cats, ed. AJ Venker-van Haagen, pp.
attention and protection. Radiation should be able to 121–165. Schlütersche, Hannover

OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE 7.1

Cricoarytenoid lateralization

PATIENT POSITIONING
The patient is placed in lateral recumbency (most surgeons prefer right lateral recumbency). The entire neck should be
aseptically prepared for surgery.

ASSISTANT
Optional but preferred.

SURGICAL TECHNIQUE

Approach
The larynx is exposed through a left lateral cervical
approach. A lateral skin incision is made just ventral to
the jugular vein, starting from the caudal angle of the
mandible and extending caudally approximately 2–3 cm
from the larynx.

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