Page 65 - BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Edition

BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery

ear canal involvement. Nasopharyngeal polyps can usually
be removed through the oral cavity after retraction of the
VetBooks.ir recommended when polyps removed by traction–avulsion
soft palate by applying traction. Ventral bulla osteotomy is
in this location recur (Pratschke, 2003; Donnelly and
Tillson, 2004).
Nasopharyngeal polyps are approached through the
oral cavity with the soft palate retracted rostrally, or by
incising the soft palate when dealing with very small
polyps. After retracting and applying digital pressure to the
soft palate, the polyp is forced caudally so that it can be
grasped as close to the opening of the Eustachian tube as
possible with forceps (Allis or alligator forceps), and slow,
steady traction with rotation is applied until the polyp
avulses. It is unusual that a soft palate incision is required,
but when necessary the palate is incised on the midline
with the caudal tip left intact. Following polyp extraction,
the soft palate edges are apposed in two layers.
(a) Histopathology of the polyp is necessary to rule out malig-
nancy. Recurrence is not expected if removal is complete,
and long-term complications are unexpected.

References and further reading

Adams WM, Miller PE, Vail DM, Forrest LJ and MacEwen EG (1998) An
accelerated technique for irradiation of malignant canine nasal and paranasal
sinus tumors. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 39, 475–481
Allen HS, Broussard J and Noone K (1999) Nasopharyngeal diseases in cats: a
retrospective study of 53 cases (1991–1998). Journal of the American Animal
Hospital Association 35, 457–461
Anderson DM and White RAS (2002) Nasal dermoid sinus cysts in the dog.
Veterinary Surgery 31, 303–308
Anderson GI (1987) The treatment of chronic sinusitis in six cats by ethmoid
conchal curettage and autogenous fat graft sinus ablation. Veterinary Surgery
(b) 16, 131–134
(a) The arrow points to a nasal pit in the nasal planum of this Ashbaugh EA, McKiernan BC, Miller CJ and Powers B (2011) Nasal
4.12 hydropulsion: a novel tumor biopsy technique. Journal of the American Animal
dog with nasal dermoid sinus. (b) A catheter has been placed Hospital Association 47, 312–316
in this dog’s nasal dermoid sinus to help identify the tract during Barachetti L, Mortellaro CM, Di Giancamillo M et al. (2009) Bilateral orbital and
excision. nasal aspergillosis in a cat. Veterinary Ophthalmology 12, 176–182
Barrs VR, Beatty JA, Dhand NK et al. (2014) Computed tomographic features of
feline sino-nasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis. Veterinary Journal 201, 215–222
Choanal atresia and nasopharyngeal Barrs VR, Halliday C, Martin P et al. (2012) Sinonasal and sino-orbital
aspergillosis in 23 cats: aetiology, clinicopathological features and treatment
stenosis outcomes. Veterinary Journal 191, 58–64
Barrs VR and Talbot JJ (2014) Feline aspergillosis. Veterinary Clinics of North
Obstruction of the caudal choanae or nasopharynx can be America: Small Animal Practice 44, 51–73
congenital or secondary to severe inflammation or trauma. Berent AC, Kinns J and Weisse C (2006) Balloon dilatation of nasopharyngeal
stenosis in a dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 229,
Inspiratory stertor and severe mucoid to mucopurulent 385–388
nasal discharge are typical presenting signs. Attempts at Berent AC, Weisse C, Todd K, Rondeau MP and Reiter AM (2008) Use of a
relieving the obstruction often fail but have included resec- balloon-expandable metallic stent for treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis in
dogs and cats: six cases (2005–2007). Journal of the American Veterinary
tion of scar tissue, balloon dilation and stenting (Mitten,
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1988; Coolman et al., 1998; Novo and Kramek, 1999;
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Boswood et al., 2003; Berent et al., 2006, 2008). Use of administration of bifonazole cream alone or in combination with enilconazole
balloon-expandable metallic stents has been the most irrigation in canine sino-nasal aspergillosis: 17 cases. Canadian Veterinary
Journal 51, 164–168
effective means of treatment (Berent et al., 2008) although,
Bissett SA, Drobatz KJ, McKnight A and Degernes LA (2007) Prevalence,
recently, 15 cats with acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis clinical features, and causes of epistaxis in dogs: 176 cases (1996–2001).
were reported to have been successfully treated by sten- Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 231, 1843–1850
osis dilation followed by temporary stenting with a silicone Boswood A, Lamb CR, Brockman DJ, Mantis P and Witt AL (2003) Balloon
dilatation of nasopharyngeal stenosis in a cat. Veterinary Radiology and
stent (De Lorenzi et al., 2015).
Ultrasound 44, 53–55
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Nasopharyngeal polyps head. In: Reconstructive Surgery and Wound Management of the Dog and Cat,
ed. J Kirpensteijn and G ter Haar, pp. 95–116. Manson Publishing, London
Nasopharyngeal polyps are benign masses that have been Burrow R, Baker M, White L and McConnell JF (2013) Trephination of the frontal
sinus and instillation of clotrimazole cream: a computed tomographic study in
diagnosed in dogs and cats but are more often found in canine cadavers. Veterinary Surgery 42, 322–328
cats. Cats with nasopharyngeal polyps may also have Clercx C, Wallon J, Gilbert S, Snaps F and Coignoul F (1996) Imprint and brush
polyps in the middle ear or external ear canal. Clinical signs cytology in the diagnosis of canine intranasal tumours. Journal of Small Animal
Practice 37, 423–427
include nasal discharge, sneezing, laboured breathing,
Coolman BR, Marretta SM, McKiernan BC and Zachary JF (1998) Choanal
nasopharyngeal stridor, dysphagia and voice change.
atresia and secondary nasopharyngeal stenosis in a dog. Journal of the
Signs of otitis externa and media are seen in animals with American Animal Hospital Association 34, 497–501
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