Page 10 - Avian Virology: Current Research and Future Trends

Avian Influenza Virus | 3

Table 1.1 History and impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks, 1959 to present
Year Location Subtype Species Impact
1959 Scotland H5N1 Chicken 1 small farm
1961 South Africa H5N3 Common tern 1300 birds culled
1963 England H7N3 Turkey 29,000 turkeys culled
1966 Canada H5N9 Turkey 8000 turkeys culled
1976 Australia H7N7 Chicken, duck 58,000 birds culled
1979 England H7N7 Turkey 9000 turkeys culled
1979 Germany H7N7 Chicken, goose 600,000 chickens and 80 geese culled
1983 Ireland H5N8 Chicken, turkey, duck 307,000 chickens, turkeys, and ducks
culled
1983–1984 USA H5N2 Chicken, turkey 17 million chickens, turkeys, and guinea
fowl culled; > $300 million indirect and
indirect costs
1985 Australia H7N7 Chicken 240,000 chickens culled
1991 England H5N1 Turkey 8000 turkeys culled
1992 Australia H7N3 Chicken, duck 18,000 broiler breeders and ducks culled
1994 Australia H7N3 Chicken 22,000 chickens culled
1994–1995 Mexico H5N2 Chicken Millions of birds culled
1995 Pakistan H7N3 Chicken > 6 million chickens culled
1997 Australia H7N4 Chicken 310,000 chicken and emus culled
1997 Hong Kong H5N1 Chicken, duck 1.5 million chicken and other domestic
birds culled
1997 Italy H5N2 Chickens, turkeys, guinea-fowl, ducks, 8000 birds culled
quail, pigeons, geese, pheasant
1999–2000 Italy H7N1 Chickens, turkeys, guinea-fowl, ducks, 14 million birds culled; US$620 million
quail, pheasants, ostriches in costs
2002 Chile H7N3 Chicken, turkey 700,000 birds culled; $31 million in costs
2003 Netherlands H7N7 Chicken > 28 million chicken culled; €750 million
in costs
2003–present Asia, Europe, H5N1 Chicken, duck Hundreds of million birds culled; > US$5
Africa billion in costs
2004 Canada H7N3 Chicken > 17 million chickens culled; $380 million
in costs
2004 Pakistan H7N3 Chicken 3 million birds culled; US$8.6 million
2004 USA H5N2 Chicken 6600 chicken culled, one flock
2004–2006 South Africa H5N2 Ostrich 30,000 birds culled
2005 North Korea H7N7 Chicken 219,000 chickens dead or culled
2007 Canada H7N3 Chicken 49,000 birds culled
2008 United Kingdom H7N7 Laying hens and pheasants 15,000 birds culled
2009 Spain H7N7 Chicken layers 278,000 laying hens culled
2012 Australia H7N7 Chicken 45,000 chickens destroyed
2011–2014 South Africa H5N2 (LPAIV/ Ostriches 50,000 birds culled
HPAIV), H7N1/N7
(LPAIV)
2012–present Mexico H7N3 (HPAIV) Chicken, quail > 11 million birds culled
2013 Italy H7N7 Chicken 946,000 birds destroyed
2013–2014 Australia H7N2 Chicken 471,000 chickens destroyed
2013–present China H7N9 (LPAIV/ Chicken, duck, wild birds 830,000 animals destroyed, human
HPAIV) infections
2014–2015 Canada H5N2 Chicken, turkey 305,000 birds destroyed
2014–present China H5N1/N2/N3/N6/ Chicken, duck Millions of birds culled
N8
2014–2017 USA H5N2/N8 Chicken layers, turkey, wild birds 16 million birds culled, 50 million total
birds lost; $3.3 billion in costs