Page 22 - Avian Virology: Current Research and Future Trends

Avian Influenza Virus | 15

Table 1.3 Continued
Order Family Strains*
Passeriformes Aegithinidae (ioras) 130
Corvidae (crows, jays, and magpies)
Estrildidae (waxbills and allies)
Fringillidae (finches, euphonias, and allies)
Hirundinidae (swallows)
Icteridae (troupials and allies)
Irenidae (fairy-bluebirds)
Laniidae (shrikes)
Leiothrichidae (laughingthrushes and allies)
Muscicapidae (Old World flycatchers)
Passeridae (Old World sparrows)
Psittacidae (New World and African parrots)
Pycnonotidae (bulbuls)
Sturnidae (starlings)
Turdidae (thrushes and allies)
Zosteropidae (white-eyes, yuhinas, and allies)
Other Accipitridae (hawks, eagles, and kites) 473
Apodidae (swifts)
Casuariidae (cassowaries and emu)
Ciconiidae (storks)
Columbidae (pigeons and doves)
Coraciidae (rollers)
Falconidae (falcons and caracaras)
Gruidae (cranes)
Rallidae (rails, gallinules, and coots)
Otididae (bustards)
Ardeidae (herons, egrets, and bitterns)
Pelecanidae (pelicans)
Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills)
Megalaimidae (Asian barbets)
Podicipedidae (grebes)
Procellariidae (shearwaters and petrels)
Cacatuidae (cockatoos)
Psittacidae (New World and African parrots)
Psittaculidae (Old World parrots)
Pteroclidae (sandgrouse)
Rheidae (rheas)
Spheniscidae (penguins)
Strigidae (owls)
Struthionidae (ostriches)
Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants and shags)
Tinamidae (Tinamous)
Unknown 373

tract (Easterday et al., 1968; Slemons and Easterday, 1977, 1978; do not appear to be natural hosts (Webster et al., 1992). Some of
Webster et al., 1977). Faecal–oral transmission and movement of IAV from wild aquatic birds can establish stable lineages in gal-
wild waterfowl and shore birds allow for perpetuation and disper- linaceous birds (order Galliformes), other poultry, and a limited
sal of IAVs in nature (Easterday and Tumova, 1972; Slemons and number of mammalian species (Fig. 1.4) (Scholtissek, 1994,
Easterday, 1977, 1978). Other orders of birds may be infected but 1995, 1997; Webster, 1997). In gallinaceous birds, IAV infections