Page 4 - Avian Virology: Current Research and Future Trends

Contents Current Books of Interest 1 iv v
Preface
Avian Influenza Virus
Introduction
1
Historical perspective 2
Infectious agent 2
Natural hosts and host range 14
Clinical features and pathogenesis: LPAIV and HPAIV in poultry 16
Adaptive immune responses 17
Immune evasion strategies of influenza A viruses 18
Virus evolution and reverse genetics 19
Diagnosis 21
Vaccination 23
Public health significance 24
Perspective 25
Newcastle Disease Virus 43
History 43
Geographic distribution 44
Natural and experimental host range 44
Infectious agent 44
Genome organization, transcription and RNA replication 46
Preface v Viral proteins 49
Overview of NDV replication 56
Genetics 57
Reverse genetics 58
1 Avian Influenza Virus 1 NDV as a vaccine vector 60
Daniel R. Perez, Silvia Carnaccini, Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia, Lucas M. Ferreri, Jefferson Santos NDV as an oncolytic agent 61 62
Antigenic and genetic variations among NDV isolates
and Daniela S. Rajao NDV infections in wild birds 63
Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 64
Molecular basis of NDV virulence 64
2 Newcastle Disease Virus 43 Emergence of virulent NDV 66
Transmission and spread 66
Siba K. Samal Clinical signs 67
Pathology 67
Diagnosis 67
3 Avian Paramyxoviruses Other Than Newcastle Disease Virus 85 Virus
characterization
Anandan Paldurai and Siba K. Samal Immune response to NDV 68
68
Control of ND 69
4 Avian Metapneumoviruses 119 Vaccination 69 71
Future perspectives
Paul A. Brown and Nicolas Eterradossi Avian Paramyxoviruses Other Than Newcastle Disease Virus 85
Introduction 85
5 Infectious Bronchitis Virus 133 Classification 85
Antigenic relationships 86
Ding Xiang Liu, Yan Ling Ng and To Sing Fung Geographic distribution 88
89
Host range
Disease associated with avian paramyxoviruses 89
6 Avian Reovirus 179 Isolation and identification of APMVs 90
General virion structure and replication strategy 90
Frederick S.B. Kibenge, Yingwei Wang, Molly J.T. Kibenge, Anil Kalupahana and Scott McBurney Viral proteins 92
APMVs from genus Orthoavulavirus 104
APMVs from genus Metaavulavirus 106
7 Infectious Bursal Disease Virus 211 APMVs from genus Paraavulavirus 110
Shijun J. Zheng Reverse genetics 111 112
Role of F protein cleavage site sequence on APMV pathogenesis
Evaluation as vaccine vectors 112
8 Avian Leukosis Virus 231 Perspectives and future directions in research 112
Avian Metapneumoviruses 119
Yongxiu Yao and Venugopal Nair Introduction and history 119
Infectious agent 120
9 Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus 249 Viral replication 122
Reverse genetics 122
Karel A. Schat Pathogenesis 123
Clinical features 124
Immune responses 125
10 Avian Adenoviruses 283 Epizootiology 125
Diagnosis 125
Juan Carlos Corredor and Eva Nagy Prevention and control 126
Perspectives 127
11 Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus 317 Infectious Bronchitis Virus 133
History 133
Mauricio J.C. Coppo, Amir H. Noormohammadi and Joanne M. Devlin Nomenclature 134
Morphology 136
Propagation 136
12 Marek’s Disease Virus 345 Genome structure and organization 137
Blanca M. Lupiani, Yifei Liao, Di Jin, Yoshihiro Izumiya and Sanjay M. Reddy Structural proteins: structure and function 138
Non-structural and accessory proteins: structure and function 143
Stages of viral replication 146
13 Avian Pox Viruses 365 Effects on the host cell 151
Evolution 154
Deoki N. Tripathy Genetics and reverse genetics 155
Pathogenesis and clinical features 156
Immune responses 158
14 Avian Immune Responses to Virus Infection 377 Epizootiology 160
Diagnosis 161
Lonneke Vervelde and Jim Kaufman Prevention and control 163
Perspectives 163
Avian Reovirus 179
Index 397 Introduction and history 179
Infectious agent 179
Primary cell cultures 182