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strain with those of circulating strains in which the virulent F pro- opportunity to engineer NDV as a vaccine vector for human and
tein cleavage site motif was modified to an avirulent motif (Kim veterinary uses.
et al., 2013). Although this strategy is cost-effective and less time
consuming, there are concerns that a chimeric virus may not be Acknowledgements
genetically stable, and growth retarded due to gene incompat- The author would like to thank Dr Hassanein H.H. Abozeid for
ibility. drawing the figures for the chapter.
Although the genotype matched ND vaccines are superior
than traditional vaccines, there is a concern that the mutated F References
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genotypes of NDV circulate in an enzootic area, which will make Viljoen, G.J. (2004). A phylogenetic study of South African Newcastle
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heterologous genotypes, but it will require very high levels of anti- breast or ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 15, 1354–1366.
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determined in field chickens before use. Neither traditional nor virusres.2009.10.020
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be readily modified as required. Reverse genetics also offer the