Page 208 - Canine Lameness

(A) (C) (E)
(B)
(D) (F)

(G) (I)
(J)
(H)

Figure 13.6 Illustration of carpal hyperextension: (A, B) normal appearance for the (a) medial collateral ligament, (b) lateral collateral ligament, (c) accessory
metacarpal ligaments, (d) palmar radiocarpal ligament, (e) palmar ulnocarpal ligament, (f) intercarpal ligaments, (g) palmar fibrocartilage; (C, D) injury at the
level of the antebrachiocarpal joint (red arrow), the accessory carpal and ulnar carpal bones are in a normal position indicating disruption of the radiocarpal and
ulnocarpal ligaments only; (E, F) injury at the level of the middle carpal joint (red arrow) with proximal displacement of the accessory carpal bone and ulnar
carpal bone suggested by an increased joint space between the ulnar carpal bone and fourth carpal bone indicating disruption of several intercarpal ligaments.
In this dog, no disruption of the ligament between the accessory carpal and ulnar carpal bone is seen, indicating that the ligament connecting the two is intact;
(G, H) injury at the level of the middle carpal joint (red arrow) with proximal displacement of the accessory carpal bone and ulnar carpal bone suggested by an
increased joint space between the accessory carpal and ulnar carpal bone as well as between the ulnar carpal bone and fourth carpal bone indicating disruption
of several intercarpal ligaments, the ligament connecting the accessory carpal and ulnar carpal bone, and the accessory metacarpal ligaments; and (I, J) injury at
the level of the distal carpal (carpometacarpal) joint (white arrows) indicating disruption of the palmar fibrocartilage.