Page 210 - Canine Lameness

182 13 Carpal Region

(A) (B) (C)

CARPAL REGION

(D) (E)

(F)

Figure 13.7 Radiograph images depicting ligaments affected by carpal hyperextension corresponding to
illustrations in Figure 13.6: (A) normal appearance; (B) injury at the level of the proximal carpal joint (white
arrows): the accessory carpal and ulnar carpal bones are in a normal position indicating disruption of the
radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments only; (C) injury at the level of the middle carpal joint with proximal
displacement of the accessory carpal bone and ulnar carpal bone suggested by an increased joint space
between the ulnar carpal bone and fourth carpal bone (white arrows) indicating disruption of several
intercarpal ligaments. In this dog, no disruption of the ligament between the accessory carpal and ulnar
carpal bone is seen, indicating that the ligament connecting the two is intact; (D) injury at the level of the
middle carpal joint with proximal displacement of the accessory carpal bone and ulnar carpal bone
suggested by an increased joint space between the accessory carpal and ulnar carpal bone as well as
between the ulnar carpal bone and fourth carpal bone (white arrows) indicating disruption of several
intercarpal ligaments and the accessory metacarpal ligaments; (E) injury at the level of the distal carpal
(carpometacarpal) joint (white arrows) indicating disruption of the palmar fibrocartilage; and (F) typical
appearance of carpal hyperextension when applying dorsal stress to the distal limb.