Page 252 - Canine Lameness

Table 15.1 Key features for selected diseases affecting the shoulder region.
Disease Common signalment Diagnostic test of choice Exam findings Treatment Clinical pearls Terminology
Fractures Any breed or age Radiographs Pain, crepitus, and Depends on location Articular fractures require
(orthogonal views)/CT non- or minimally surgical fixation; scapular
weight-bearing fractures depend on
lameness location
Medial shoulder Adult hunting and Arthroscopy/MRI Abduction pain, Nonsurgical and Frequently not identified Medial shoulder
instability agility dogs ±muscle atrophy, and surgical for severe without advanced imaging syndrome/disease
±increased abduction cases or arthroscopy
angles
Shoulder luxation History of traumatic Radiographs ROM pain, soft tissue Closed reduction or Luxation of shoulder
incident (orthogonal views) swelling, and surgical reconstruction without a traumatic
increased distance incident should be
between acromion and evaluated for glenoid
humeral head dysplasia
Biceps brachii Large-breed, active Ultrasound/MRI Pain with shoulder Depends on severity: Pain with this disease is Classified as
tendinopathy dogs flexion and elbow medical management highly variable – biceps is calcifying and
extension, and ±pain versus surgical release intra-articular (e.g. joint non-calcifying
on direct palpation of blocks/injection can be
tendon pursued)
Supraspinatus Large-breed, active Ultrasound/MRI Pain with shoulder Medical management Calcification can be Classified as
tendinopathy dogs flexion (without elbow versus surgical release incidental – need to calcifying and
extension) correlate with clinical non-calcifying
symptoms
Infraspinatus Hunting breeds Classical gait and Swelling and pain at Medical management Can be a biphasic disease Infraspinatus
disease palpation – ultrasound infraspinatus, or surgical release at process, acute (often contracture; fibrotic
to confirm diagnosis incapable of internal acute phase and missed), followed by myopathy of
rotation with tendon release with contracture infraspinatus
contracture contracture
Osteochondrosis/ Young large- or Radiographs Pain on shoulder ROM Arthroscopic Radiographs are typically
osteochondrosis giant-breed dogs (orthogonal views) and and ±weight-bearing debridement diagnostic, while
dissecans arthroscopy lameness arthroscopy confirms and
allows therapy

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