Page 278 - Canine Lameness

250 15 Shoulder Region

15.10.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions
Avulsion of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon has been reported in a case series of
juvenile Labrador dogs. Radiographs may aid the diagnosis if an osseous avulsion fragment
is present. Ultrasound, CT, or MRI is reasonable next diagnostics to verify the diagnosis
(Mikola et al. 2018).
Ossification of the infraspinatus tendon-bursa has been reported in a case series of adult Labrador
Retrievers (Mckee et al. 2007). Radiographs may demonstrate mineralized bodies lateral to the
humeral head most easily visible on the craniocaudal view. Ultrasound, CT, or MRI can diag-
nose the condition if mineralization is not radiographically apparent.
Medial displacement of the tendon of origin of biceps brachii is recognized to occur following rup-
ture of the transverse humeral ligament, which holds the biceps brachii securely within the
intertubercular groove (Boemo and Eaton-Wells 1995). Medial displacement of the tendon can
typically be detected while palpating the tendon and placing the shoulder through full ROM.
Occasionally, a “popping” noise of the tendon displacing through this ROM may be heard.
Ultrasound may be very useful, as it allows dynamic assessment.
Rupture of biceps tendon sheath has been reported in two cases with thoracic limb lameness. It was
diagnosed by leakage of contrast material from the biceps tendon sheath on contrast arthrogra-
phy (Innes and Brown 2004).
A single case of abnormal ossification of the supraglenoid tubercle and cranial glenoid cavity has
been reported. The dogs showed irregular margination and supraglenoid tubercle separation
from the scapula on CT (De Simone et al. 2013).
A single case report of teres minor myopathy exists (Bruce et al. 1997). Diagnosis was obtained with
ultrasound imaging of the shoulder.
Scapular luxation results from traumatic rupture of the serratus ventralis muscle. This condition is
generally diagnosed by observation of a dorsally displaced scapula (see Video 15.4), but CT or
MRI can further elucidate the degree of damage (Jones et al. 2017; Frye et al. 2018).
SHOULDER REGION Video 15.4

Scapular luxation.

References

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Bardet, J.F. (1998). Diagnosis of shoulder instability in dogs and cats: a retrospective study. J Am Anim
Hosp Assoc 34 (1): 42–54.
Bardet, J.F. (1999). Lesions of the biceps tendon diagnosis and classification. Vet Comp Orthop
Traumatol 12 (4): 188–195.
Barella, G., Lodi, M., and Faverzani, S. (2018). Ultrasonographic findings of shoulder teno-muscular
structures in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. J Ultrasound 21 (2): 145–152.
Bergenhuyzen, A.L., Vermote, K.A., Van Bree, H., and Van Ryssen, B. (2010). Long-term follow-up
after arthroscopic tenotomy for partial rupture of the biceps brachii tendon. Vet Comp Orthop
Traumatol 23 (1): 51–55.