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Glossary

Name Definition

Amble Accelerated walk, maintaining the four‐beat gait pattern
Apophysis The site of a tendon or ligament attachment, such as the tibial tuberosity, that
does not contribute to a joint; compare to epiphysis
Arthrokinematics Joint surface movement, i.e. small amplitude movements of the bones at the
joint surface such as roll, glide, spin; compare to osteokinematics
Ataxia Failure of coordinated muscle movement; arises from disease affecting the
spinal cord, cerebellum, or vestibular system
Axon An elongated extension of the nerve cell that carries nerve impulses; a nerve
fiber
Cauda Equina Sacral and caudal spinal nerve roots
Central nervous The part of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord
system
Concentric Shortening of a muscle during contraction – this happens when the force
contraction generated by the muscle is large enough to overcome the resistance, e.g. flexion
of the elbow joint during biceps contraction (such as when lifting a glass of
water from the table); compare to eccentric/isometric contraction
Crepitus Grinding or grating sensation or sound that is caused by severe degeneration of
the joint or intra‐articular fractures
Diaphysis Main (central or long part) of the bone; compare to metaphysis
Dimelia Duplication of the whole or part of limb
Dysostoses Constitutional bone diseases characterized by abnormal development of
individual bones or parts of bones (such as ectrodactyly)
Eccentric Lengthening of a muscle during contraction – this happens when the force
contraction generated by the muscle is less than the resistance, e.g. extension of the elbow
joint during biceps contraction (such as when lowering a glass of water to the
table); compare to concentric/isometric contraction
Ectrodactyly Congenital split formation (separation) between metacarpal bones
Encephalopathy Brain disease/pathology
End‐feel Subjective description of the sensation that the observer experiences at the end
of joint range of motion
Epiphysis The end of a bone that contributes to a joint
(Continued)

Canine Lameness, First Edition. Edited by Felix Michael Duerr.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Companion website: www.wiley.com/go/duerr/lameness