Page 376 - Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine

344 Section 4 Respiratory Disease

Conclusion signs are variable, with many dogs and cats presenting with
VetBooks.ir Pleural effusion is a common consequence of several a primary complaint related to lethargy, hyporexia, and/or
respiratory distress. A thorough diagnostic approach is
often needed to determine the underlying disease and sub-
underlying pathophysiologic processes in dogs and cats.
Historical findings can be acute or chronic and clinical sequently guide treatment options and overall prognosis.

Further Reading

Akulian J, Yarmus L, Feller‐Kopman D. The evaluation and Reetz JA, Buza EL, Krick EL. CT features of pleural masses
clinical application of pleural physiology. Clin Chest Med and nodules. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53: 121–7.
2013; 34: 11–19. Sigrist NE, Adamik KN, Doherr MG, et al. 2011.
Barrs VR, Allan GS, Martin P, et al. Feline pyothorax: a Evaluation of respiratory parameters at presentation as
retrospective study of 27 cases in Australia. J Feline Med clinical indicators of the respiratory localization in dogs
Surg 2005; 7: 211–22. and cats with respiratory distress. J Vet Emerg Crit Care
Boysen SR, Lisciandro GR. The use of ultrasound for dogs 2011; 21: 13–23.
and cats in the emergency room: AFAST and TFAST.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2013; 43: 773–97.