Page 819 - Small Animal Clinical Nutrition 5th Edition

Canine Purine Urolithiasis 849

VetBooks.ir Table 1. Hemograms of a three-year-old, neutered male Dalmatian dog with urocystoliths.
Day

Factors Reference 1* 25 59 88 123 157 186 214 247 275
values
Hct (%) 30-58 49.6 47.6 46.1 47.6 46.0 48.6 46.5 48.7 48.0 46.2
6
RBC (10 /µl) 5.2-8.1 6.95 6.77 6.48 6.74 6.53 6.80 6.65 6.92 6.82 6.53
Hemoglobin (g/dl) 10.2-16.9 17.3 16.7 15.9 16.5 16.1 16.0 19.1 16.9 16.9 19.8
MCV (fl) 63-72 71 70 71 71 70 71 70 70 70 71
MCH (pg) 22-25 25 25 25 35 25 24 29 24 25 30
MCHC (%) 34-37 35 35 35 35 35 33 41 35 35 43
Nucleated RBC (/µl) - 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
3
WBC (10 /µl) 5.4-15.3 23.4 11.5 11.5 11.2 13.7 12.8 12.8 13.1 10.7 13.6
Segmented
3
neutrophils (10 /µl) 2.75-12.85 21.18 6.56 8.34 7.49 9.86 10.6 9.02 8.06 7.92 10.0
3
Band neutrophils (10 /µl) 0-150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 70
3
Metamyelocytes (10 /µl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,040
3
Lymphocytes (10 /µl) 430-5,800 820 3,050 1,440 2,220 2,400 1,400 2,600 3,770 1,870 200
3
Monocytes (10 /µl) 50-1,400 1,290 400 350 170 340 320 440 460 160 1,290
3
Eosinophils (10 /µl) 0-1,400 120 1,500 1,380 1,220 1,100 380 570 720 700 0
3
Basophils (10 /µl) Rare 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0
3
Platelets (10 /µl) 160-525 378 378 381 352 395 406 644 369 358 Normal**
Total solids (g/dl) 5.8-7.5 7.3 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.7 7.0 9.3 7.1 7.3 9.1
Comments - - - - - - - Lipemic - - Lipemic
Key: Hct = hematocrit, RBC = red blood cells, MCV = mean corpuscular volume, MCH = mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC = mean cor-
puscular hemoglobin concentration, WBC = white blood cells.
*Therapy consisting of a urate litholytic food and allopurinol was initiated on Day 2; allopurinol therapy was discontinued on Day 186.
**Platelets were estimated on a blood film and considered adequate.
Table 2. Serum biochemistry values of a three-year-old, neutered male Dalmatian dog with urocystoliths.
Day
Factors Reference
values 1* 25 59 88 123 157 186 214 247 275 924 1,268
Urea nitrogen (mg/dl) 7-26 17 9 7 7 5 6 5 4 4 3 5 4
Creatinine (mg/dl) 0.6-1.4 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9
Alk phos activity (U/l) 3-60 53 83 66 94 142 212 258 239 335 490 854 760
ALT activity (U/l) 4-91 28 22 27 26 25 26 24 25 26 27 21 21
Total bilirubin (mg/dl) 0-0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.6
Glucose (mg/dl) 79-140 136 122 123 113 127 133 113 116 125 132 129 115
Total protein (g/dl) 5.8-7.9 7.4 6.3 6.3 6.5 5.9 5.5 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.4 6.7
Albumin (g/dl) 2.6-4.0 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.6 2.7
Globulin (g/dl) 2.2-4.0 3.6 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.2 2.3 3.0 2.8 2.7 3.8 4.0
Uric acid (mg/dl) 0-0.6 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 2.0 1.7 0.9 0.8
CK (U/l) 36-155 394 79 70 76 57 66 90 90 57 67 50 -
Amylase activity (U/l) 220-1,400 976 779 742 997 715 805 786 851 795 963 856 912
Sodium (mEq/l) 146-156 148 150 150 140 150 151 150 150 150 151 147 148
Potassium (mEq/l) 3.8-5.1 3.6 4.5 4.0 3.6 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.5
Chloride (mEq/l) 109-122 110 114 116 112 114 111 112 113 114 111 111 110
Total CO (mEq/l) 17-27 21 23 21 18 23 23 23 22 22 24 22 23
2
Anion gap 8-20 17 13 13 10 13 17 15 15 14 16 14 15
Osmolality (mOsm/l) 289-313 298 298 297 278 297 299 296 296 296 298 291 292
Calcium (mg/dl) 9.6-11.6 9.9 9.9 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.6 10.1 10.0 10.1 9.6 10.4
Phosphorus (mg/dl) 2.5-6.2 3.9 2.4 4.2 2.5 3.9 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.1 3.1 4.2 5.2
Key: ALT = alanine aminotransferase, Alk phos = alkaline phosphatase, CK = creatine kinase.
*Therapy consisting of a urate litholytic food and allopurinol was initiated on Day 2; allopurinol therapy was discontinued on Day 186.

and/or number occurred in another 30% of cases. With combined dietary and medical therapy, the average time for dissolution
of ammonium urate uroliths is three and one-half months; however, the median time is approximately one month. Thus, most
ammonium urate uroliths dissolve in approximately one month.
3. Clinical signs often resolve within three to five days of initiating therapy. Clients should be advised that urethral obstruction may
occur at any time when uroliths are present in the bladder. If urethral obstruction with uroliths recurs, the urolith(s) can be
retropulsed back into the bladder. Urocystoliths (bladder stones) can be dissolved but urethroliths (urethral stones) cannot.
However, when necessary, urethroliths can be removed by lithotripsy. Initially, the dog should be reexamined every four weeks
(urinalysis and double-contract cystography). With good compliance, the urine specific gravity should be reduced (<1.015), the