Page 1452 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

glucose, enhance the activity of
incretins, and promote glucose loss
through the kidney.
2. Contraindications and concerns
a. Oral antidiabetic agents, except the
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
(SGLT-2) inhibitors, are
contraindicated in type 1 diabetes
mellitus.

b. β-Adrenergic blocking agents

may mask signs and symptoms of
hypoglycemia associated with
hypoglycemia-producing medications.
c. Anticoagulants, chloramphenicol,
salicylates, propranolol, monoamine
oxidase inhibitors, pentamidine, and
sulfonamides may cause
hypoglycemia.

d. Corticosteroids,

sympathomimetics, thiazide diuretics,
phenytoin, thyroid preparations, oral
contraceptives, and estrogen
compounds may cause hyperglycemia.

e. Side and adverse effects of the

sulfonylureas include GI symptoms
and dermatological reactions;
hypoglycemia can occur when an
excessive dose is administered or
when meals are omitted or delayed,
food intake is decreased, or activity is
increased.

Sulfonylureas can cause a disulfiram type

of reaction when alcohol is ingested.
B. Medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Table 47-1)

1. Interventions

a. Assess the client’s knowledge of

diabetes mellitus and the use of oral
antidiabetic agents.

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