Page 1544 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

CHAPTER 49

Gastrointestinal Medications

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Priority Concepts
Inflammation; Tissue Integrity

I. Antacids (Table 49-1; Fig. 49-1)
A. React with gastric acid to produce neutral salts or salts of low
acidity
B. Inactivate pepsin and enhance mucosal protection but do not coat
the ulcer crater
C. These medications are used for peptic ulcer disease and
gastroesophageal reflux disease.

D. These medications should be taken on a regular schedule;

some are prescribed to be taken 1 and 3 hours after each meal and
at bedtime.
E. To provide maximum benefit, treatment should elevate the gastric
pH above 5.
F. Antacid tablets should be chewed thoroughly and

followed with a glass of water or milk.
G. Liquid preparations should be shaken before dispensing.

To prevent interactions with other medications and interference with the action

of other medications, allow 1 hour between antacid administration and the administration
of other medications.
II. Gastric Protectants
A. Misoprostol
1. An antisecretory medication that enhances mucosal
defenses
2. Suppresses secretion of gastric acid and maintains
submucosal blood flow by promoting vasodilation
3. Used to prevent gastric ulcers caused by nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory drugs and aspirin
4. Administered with meals

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