Page 2498 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

such as fluid loss from burns,
bleeding, and dehydration
from loss of bile or diarrhea.
5% dextrose in water (D W): Isotonic at the time of administration; within a Replaces deficits of total body
5
short time after administration, dextrose is metabolized and the tonicity water.
decreases in proportion to the osmolarity or tonicity of the nondextrose Not used alone to expand
components (electrolytes) within the water (may become hypotonic). extracellular fluid volume
because dilution of
electrolytes can occur.
5% dextrose in 0.225% saline (5% D/1⁄4 NS): Isotonic at the time of Used as initial fluid for
administration; within a short time after administration, dextrose is hydration because it provides
metabolized and the tonicity decreases in proportion to the osmolarity or more water than sodium.
tonicity of the nondextrose components (electrolytes) within the water (may Commonly used as
become hypertonic). maintenance fluid.
5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (5% D/NS): Hypertonic Extracellular fluid deficits in
clients with low serum levels
of sodium or chloride and
metabolic alkalosis.
5% dextrose in 0.45% saline (5% D/1⁄2 NS): Hypertonic Used as initial fluid for
hydration because it provides
more water than sodium.
Commonly used as
maintenance fluid.
5% dextrose in Ringer’s lactate solution: Hypertonic Extracellular fluid deficits,
such as fluid loss from burns,
bleeding, and dehydration
from loss of bile or diarrhea.

2498