Page 315 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

9. Instruct the client to avoid consuming high-cholesterol
foods with the evening meal before the test.
10. Normal reference intervals (Table 10-3).
11. Elevated values occur in the following:
a. Cholesterol, LDL: biliary obstruction,
cirrhosis hyperlipidemia,
hypothyroidism, idiopathic
hypercholesterolemia, renal disease,
uncontrolled diabetes, oral
contraceptive use
b. Triglycerides: diabetes mellitus,
hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, liver
disease
12. Below normal values occur in the following:
a. Cholesterol, LDL: extensive liver
disease, hyperthyroidism,
malnutrition, use of corticosteroid
therapy
b. Triglycerides: hyperthyroidism,
malabsorption syndrome, malnutrition
I. Fasting blood glucose
1. Glucose is a monosaccharide found in fruits and is
formed from the digestion of carbohydrates and the
conversion of glycogen by the liver.
2. Glucose is the main source of cellular energy for the
body and is essential for brain and erythrocyte
function.
3. Fasting blood glucose levels are used to help diagnose
diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia.
4. Instruct the client to fast for 8 to 12 hours before the
test.
5. Instruct a client with diabetes mellitus to withhold
morning insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication
until after the blood is drawn.
6. Normal reference interval: glucose (fasting) 70-99
mg/dL (3.9-5.5 mmol/L).
7. Elevated values occur in the following: acute stress,
cerebral lesions, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes
mellitus, hyperthyroidism, pancreatic insufficiency
8. Below normal values occur in the following: Addison's
disease, hepatic disease, hypothyroidism, insulin
overdosage, pancreatic tumor, pituitary
hypofunction, postdumping syndrome

J. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1C)

1. HgbA1C is blood glucose bound to hemoglobin.
2. Hemoglobin A (glycosylated hemoglobin A; HbA )
1c
1c

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