Page 528 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

Introduction

Pyramid to Success

Normal growth and development proceed in an orderly, systematic, and predictable
pattern, which provides a basis for identifying and assessing an individual’s
abilities. Understanding the normal path of growth and development across the life
span assists the nurse in identifying appropriate and expected human behavior. The
Pyramid to Success focuses on Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual
development, Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, Erik Erikson’s
psychosocial theory, and Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.
Growth and development concepts also focus on the aging process and on physical
characteristics, nutritional behaviors, skills, play, and specific safety measures
relevant to a particular age group that will ensure a safe and hazard-free
environment. When a question is presented on the NCLEX-RN® examination, if an
age is identified in the question, note the age and think about the associated growth
and developmental concepts to answer the question correctly.

Client Needs: Learning Objectives

Safe and Effective Care Environment

Acting as a client advocate
Communicating with the interprofessional health care team
Ensuring home safety and security plans
Ensuring that informed consent has been obtained for invasive treatments or
procedures
Establishing priorities of care
Maintaining confidentiality
Preventing accidents and errors considering risks related to age
Providing care in accordance with ethical and legal standards
Providing care using a nonjudgmental approach
Respecting client and family needs, based on their preferences
Upholding the client’s rights

Health Promotion and Maintenance

Discussing high-risk behaviors and lifestyle choices
Identifying changes that occur as a result of the aging process

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