Page 532 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

d. The child is egocentric.
e. The child is unable to conceptualize and
requires concrete examples.
3. Concrete operational
a. 7 to 11 years
b. The child is able to classify, order, and
sort facts.
c. The child moves from prelogical
thought to solving concrete problems
through logic.
d. The child begins to develop abstract
thinking.
e. The child is less egocentric and thinks
about how others may view a
situation.
4. Formal operational
a. 11 years to adulthood
b. The person is able to think abstractly
and logically.
c. Logical thinking is expanded to include
solving abstract and concrete
problems.
III. Moral Development: Lawrence Kohlberg
A. Moral development

1. Moral development is a complicated process

involving the acceptance of the values and rules of
society in a way that shapes behavior.
2. Moral development is classified in a series of levels
and behaviors.
3. Moral development is sequential.
4. Stages or levels of moral development cannot be
skipped.
B. Levels of moral development (Box 17-2)
IV. Psychosexual Development: Sigmund Freud
A. Components of the theory (Box 17-3)
B. Levels of awareness
1. Unconscious level of awareness
a. The unconscious is not logical and is
governed by the Pleasure Principle,
which refers to seeking immediate
tension reduction.
b. Memories, feelings, thoughts, or wishes
are repressed and are not available to
the conscious mind.
c. These repressed memories, thoughts, or
feelings, if made prematurely
conscious, can cause anxiety

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