Page 942 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

5. Aspirin should not be administered, unless

specifically prescribed, because of the risk of Reye’s
syndrome.

6. Retake the temperature 30 to 60 minutes after

the antipyretic is administered.
7. Provide adequate fluid intake as tolerated and as
prescribed.
8. Monitor for signs and symptoms that indicate
dehydration and electrolyte imbalances; monitor
laboratory values.
9. Instruct the parents in how to take the temperature,
how to medicate the child safely, and when it is
necessary to call the primary health care provider
(PHCP).
II. Dehydration
A. Description
1. Dehydration is a common fluid and electrolyte
imbalance in infants and children.
2. In infants and children, the organs that conserve water
are immature, placing them at risk for fluid volume
deficit.
3. Causes can include decreased fluid intake,
diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, diabetic ketoacidosis,
and extensive burns or other serious injuries.

Infants and children are more vulnerable to fluid volume deficit

because more of their body water is in the extracellular fluid
compartment.

B. Assessment (Table 32-1)

C. Interventions

1. Treat and eliminate the cause of the

dehydration.
2. Monitor vital signs.

3. Monitor weight and monitor for changes,

including fluid gains and losses.
4. Monitor intake and output and urine for specific
gravity.
5. Monitor level of consciousness.
6. Monitor skin turgor and mucous membranes for
dryness.

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