Page 944 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

performed, and further diagnostic evaluation is
required to verify the diagnosis.
3. Rescreen newborns by 14 days of age if the initial
screening was done before 48 hours of age.
4. If phenylketonuria is diagnosed, prepare to implement
the following:
a. Restrict phenylalanine intake; high-
protein foods (meats and dairy
products) and aspartame are avoided
because they contain large amounts of
phenylalanine.
b. Monitor physical, neurological, and
intellectual development.
c. Stress the importance of follow-up
treatment.
d. Encourage the parents to express their
feelings about the diagnosis and
discuss the risk of phenylketonuria in
future children.
e. Educate the parents about the use of
special preparation formulas and
about the foods that contain
phenylalanine.
f. Consult with social care services to
assist the parents with the financial
burdens of purchasing special
prepared formulas.
IV. Childhood Obesity
A. Description
1. A condition where excess body fat negatively impacts
the health and well-being of the child.
2. Body mass index (BMI) is a screening tool that can be
used to measure obesity.
3. BMI is defined as a person’s body weight in kilograms
divided by the square of a person’s height in meters.
4. As recommended by the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC), health professionals should
use the BMI percentile when measuring children and
adolescents aged 2 to 20 years.
5. Overweight is defined as being above the 85th
percentile but less than the 95th percentile. Obesity is
defined as having a BMI greater than the 95th
percentile.
B. Effects of Obesity
1. Obesity can lead to problems later in life if diagnosed
in childhood, such as physical, social, and emotional
health problems.
2. Asthma, sleep apnea, bone and joint problems, type 2

944